For the Transition Period from 07/01/04 to 12/31/04
Table of Contents

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 31, 2005


 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


 

FORM 20-F

 


 

(Mark One)

¨ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

OR

 

¨ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED

 

OR

 

x TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM July 1, 2004 TO December 31, 2004

 

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 001-32295

 


 

ADHEREX TECHNOLOGIES INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 


 

Not Applicable

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

 

Canada

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

 

2300 Englert Drive, Suite G

Research Triangle Park

Durham, North Carolina 27713

(Address of principal executive offices)

 

Securities registered or to be registered to Section 12(b) of the Act.

 

Title of each class


  

Name of each exchange on which registered


Common Shares    The American Stock Exchange

 

Securities registered or to be registered to Section 12(g) of the Act. None

 

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act. None

 


 

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report. 182,677,535

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such short period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes ¨ No

 

Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ¨ Item 17 x Item 18

 

(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. ¨ Yes ¨ No

 


 

1


Table of Contents

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

   3

TECHNICAL GLOSSARY

   3

PART I

   7

ITEM 1.

  

IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

   7

A.

  

Directors and senior management

   7

B.

  

Advisers

   7

C.

  

Auditor

   7

ITEM 2.

  

OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

   7

ITEM 3.

  

KEY INFORMATION

   7

A.

  

Selected consolidated financial data

   7

B.

  

Capitalization and indebtedness

   10

C.

  

Reasons for the offer and use of proceeds

   10

D.

  

Risk factors

   10

ITEM 4.

  

INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

   23

A.

  

History and development of the Company

   23

B.

  

Business overview

   24

C.

  

Organizational structure

   34

D.

  

Property, plant and equipment

   34

ITEM 5.

  

OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

   34

ITEM 6.

  

DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

   46

A.

  

Directors and senior management

   46

B.

  

Scientific and Clinical Advisory Board

   49

C.

  

Compensation

   50

D.

  

Board practices

   51

E.

  

Employees

   56

F.

  

Share ownership

   56

ITEM 7.

  

MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

   58

A.

  

Major shareholders

   58

B.

  

Related party transactions

   59

C.

  

Interests of experts and counsel

   59

ITEM 8.

  

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

   59

A.

  

Consolidated statements and other financial information

   59

B.

  

Significant changes

   60

ITEM 9.

  

THE OFFER AND LISTING

   60

A.

  

Offer and listing details

   60

B.

  

Plan of distribution

   61

C.

  

Markets

   61

D.

  

Selling shareholders

   61

E.

  

Dilution

   61

F.

  

Expenses of the issue

   61

ITEM 10.

  

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

   61

A.

  

Share capital

   61

B.

  

Memorandum and articles of association

   61

C.

  

Material contracts

   61

D.

  

Exchange controls

   61

E.

  

Taxation

   63

F.

  

Dividends and paying agents

   67

G.

  

Statement by experts

   67

H.

  

Documents on display

   67

I.

  

Subsidiary information

   68

ITEM 11.

  

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

   68

PART II

   69

ITEM 12.

  

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES

   68

ITEM 13.

  

DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES

   69

ITEM 14.

  

MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS

   69

ITEM 15.

  

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

   69

ITEM 16.

  

RESERVED

   69

A.

  

Audit Committee Financial Expert

   69

B.

  

Code of Ethics

   69

C.

  

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

   70

D.

  

Exemptions from the listing standards for Audit Committees

   70

E.

  

Purchase of Equity Securities by the issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

   70

PART III

   71

ITEM 17.

  

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

   71

ITEM 18.

  

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

   71

ITEM 19.

  

EXHIBITS

   71

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

   F-1

 

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Table of Contents

 

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

 

Prior to this filing, our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 20-F/A filed on November 5, 2004 covered the twelve-month period ended June 30, 2004. On December 17, 2004, our board of directors approved a change in our fiscal year end from a twelve-month period ending June 30 to a twelve-month period ending December 31. As a requirement of this change, the results for the six-month period from July 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004 are reported as a separate transition period in this Transition Report. Also for ease of reading, we may refer to the six-month period ended December 31, 2004 as “Six-Month Fiscal Transition 2004”; the 12-month period ended June 30, 2004 as “Fiscal 2004”; the 12-month period ended June 30, 2003 as “Fiscal 2003” and the 12-month period ended June 30,2002 as “Fiscal 2002”.

 

Unless otherwise indicated, all references in this Transition Report to the “Company,” “Adherex,” “we,” “us,” “our” or similar terms refer to Adherex Technologies Inc. together with its subsidiaries.

 

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in Canada and in Canadian dollars. When we refer to “dollars,” “$,” “Canadian dollars,” and “CAD$” in this document, we are referring to Canadian dollars, the legal currency of Canada. When we refer to “U.S. dollars” and “US$” in this document, we are referring to United States dollars, the legal currency of the United States (“U.S.”).

 

When we refer to our common stock or common shares in this document, we are referring to the Common Shares of the Company.

 

The following words and logos are trademarks of the Company and may be registered in Canada, the United States and certain other jurisdictions: ADHEREX; EXHERIN. All other product names referred to in this document are the property of their respective owners.

 

TECHNICAL GLOSSARY

 

In this Transition Report, unless the context otherwise requires, the following words and phrases have the meanings set forth below:

 

ADH-1 (Exherin)

   A small peptide molecule that selectively targets the adhesion of certain cells possessing the N-cadherin protein.

Angiolytic

   Any drug or agent that is capable of disrupting or breaking up established blood vessels.

Anti-angiogenic

   Any drug or agent that is capable of inhibiting the growth of new blood vessels.

Anti-tumor activity

   Measurable evidence that a drug is affecting the growth, counteracting or preventing the formation of malignant tumors.

Apoptosis

   One mechanism of causing cell death, also known as programmed cell death, and a potential mechanism for anti-tumor activity.

Cadherins

   A family of proteins generally located at the surface of cells that bind identical molecules on neighboring cells resulting in the process known as cell adhesion.

Cadherin Antagonist

   A substance that inhibits the binding or other functions of cadherin molecules.

Cancer

   A heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled or aberrant growth of cells. In addition to the uncontrolled growth of tumor cells, these cells are able to invade and colonize other sites in the body; and thus by definition, these tumors are malignant.

 

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Cell Adhesion

   The physiological process whereby cells adhere to one another to form tissues or other aggregates, also called cell-to-cell adhesion.

Chemoenhancers

   Agents that enhance the effectiveness and tumor killing properties of chemotherapeutic agents.

Chemoprotectants

   Agents that protect against the side effects of chemotherapies.

Chemotherapy

   Treatment of cancer with certain chemical agents.

Clinical Trial Application (CTA)

   A regulatory application required by Health Canada before a clinical trial in humans can proceed.

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

   The U.S. agency responsible for regulation of pharmaceutical, biotechnology and food products.

Good Clinical Practices (GCP)

   A standard for the design, conduct, performance, monitoring, auditing, recording, analyses and reporting of clinical trials that provides assurance that the data and reported results are credible and accurate, and that the rights, integrity and confidentiality of trial subjects are protected.

Good Laboratory Practices (GLP)

   A set of principles that provide a framework within which laboratory studies are planned, performed, monitored, recorded, reported and archived. GLP help assure regulatory authorities that data submitted are a true reflection of the results obtained during a particular study and can, therefore, be relied upon when making risk/safety assessments.

Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)

   That part of quality assurance designed to ensure that medicinal products are consistently produced and controlled to the quality standards appropriate to their intended use and as required by their marketing authorization or product specification. GMP relates to both production and quality control.

Health Canada’s Therapeutic Products Directorate (TPD)

   The Government of Canada agency charged with overseeing the development and marketing of drugs in Canada.

Ifosfamide or Cyclophosphamide Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis

   Bleeding and inflammation of the urinary bladder as a consequence of treatment with ifosfamide or cyclophosphamide, two chemotherapeutic agents.

Investigational New Drug Submission (IND)

   Documentation filed with U.S. government agencies responsible for evaluating and licensing pharmaceutical drugs. This documentation is necessary for the initiation of clinical trials.

Molecularly-targeted therapy

   Substances that kill cancer cells by targeting key molecules involved in cancer cell metabolism, growth or survival.

Mesna

   2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid sodium salt administered with ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide. Mesna, a chemoenhancer, is a compound that has displayed anti-cancer activity by reducing the resistance of cancer cells to certain chemotherapeutic agents.

 

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NAC

   N-Acteylcysteine, an agent currently used to break up, destroy or dissolve mucin or mucus and to treat acetaminophen poisoning. NAC is being developed by Adherex as a chemoprotectant.

New Drug Application (NDA)

   A submission made to the FDA for marketing authorization.

Necrosis

   One mechanism of causing cell death through injury or disease.

New Drug Submission (NDS)

   A submission made to the TPD for marketing authorization.

Oncology

   The study and treatment of cancer and tumors.

Orphan Drug Designation

   A category created by the FDA for medications used to treat diseases that occur rarely (less than 200,000 cases annually) or where there is no hope for recovery of development costs. Orphan Drug Designation gives the recipient specific financial incentives. Orphan Drug Designations are controlled by the FDA’s Office of Orphan Products Development.

Ototoxicity

   Toxicity to the auditory systems that results in hearing loss or other vestibular damage.

Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)

   An international patent treaty, of which Canada and the United States are signatories, whereby a single international patent application can be filed in the applicant’s or inventor’s home country for possible protection of intellectual property in over 100 PCT member countries.

Pharmacodynamics

   The effect a drug has on its target.

Pharmacokinetics

   The way a drug is distributed, metabolized and excreted from the body after dosing.

Phase I Clinical Trials

   Clinical trials to evaluate a drug’s safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics that typically take approximately one year to complete and are usually conducted on a small number of healthy human subjects.

Phase Ib/II Clinical Trials

   Clinical trials which combine aspects of both Phase I and Phase II clinical trials and which are designed to estimate the effectiveness of a new treatment in a select subgroup of patients, which display a specific tumor phenotype, with particular attention to safety and efficacy at differing dosage levels. As used in this document, it refers to clinical trials conducted in patients with a specific tumor molecular phenotype in which the relative effectiveness of the drug at several dosage levels will be evaluated. The trial design combines aspects of classical Phase I trials in that several dosages and schedules will be evaluated and aspects of classical Phase II trials in which larger numbers of a particular patient and tumor phenotype are studied to provide an estimate of the magnitude of effectiveness of a treatment.

Phase II Clinical Trials

   Clinical trials that are conducted to provide an estimate of the magnitude of effectiveness of a treatment, and typically take one to two years to complete and are carried out on a relatively small number of patients (generally between 14 and 50 patients) in a specific setting of targeted disease or medical condition.

 

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Phase III Clinical Trials

   Randomized clinical trials that compare two or more treatment programs that typically take two to four, or even more years to complete and involve tests on a large population of patients suffering from the targeted condition or disease. These studies are generally required to establish the drug’s clinical safety and effectiveness.

Platinum-based

   Containing platinum, which is important for the pharmacological action of the drug.

Redox Clamping

   Maintaining oxygen levels (reduction-oxidation potential) within a certain range.

Redox State

   The state of oxygen levels of cells (the oxygen reduction potential).

STS

   Sodium thiosulfate, an antidote agent currently used in cyanide poisoning in conjunction with sodium nitrite. STS is being developed by Adherex as a chemoprotectant.

Thrombocytopenia

   A reduction of the important blood cells called platelets that can be caused by various anti-cancer therapies. Platelets are important in maintaining normal blood clotting potential.

Toxicology

   The scientific determination of the relationship between the quantity of a substance and adverse side effects.

Tumor

   An abnormal growth of tissue whether benign or malignant.

 

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Table of Contents

 

PART I

 

ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION

 

A. Selected consolidated financial data

 

The following tables set forth the selected consolidated financial data of the Company for the six month period ended December 31, 2004 and the fiscal years ended June 30, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001 and 2000. We derived the data from our annual consolidated financial statements, which were audited by our independent auditor. You should read this data in conjunction with Item 5, “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in this Transition Report.

 

Our consolidated financial statements included in this Transition Report under Item 18, “Financial Statements” have been prepared in accordance with GAAP in Canada. A reconciliation to United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) is included in Note 19 to our audited consolidated financial statements. All amounts are expressed in Canadian dollars.

 

Selected Canadian GAAP Consolidated Statements of Operations

Canadian dollars

(In thousands, except per share data)

 

    

Six Months

Ended

December 31,

2004


    Years Ended June 30,

 
       2004

    2003

    2002

    2001

    2000

 

Revenue

   $ —       $ —       $ —       $ —       $ —       $ —    

Research and development

     4,352       4,783       4,145       4,332       2,487       1,452  

General and administration

     3,333       4,658       3,014       1,796       1,522       924  

Amortization of acquired intellectual property rights

     1,560       3,120       1,910       —         —         —    
    


 


 


 


 


 


Total operating expenses

     (9,245 )     (12,561 )     (9,069 )     (6,128 )     (4,009 )     (2,376 )

Settlement of Cadherin Biomedical Inc. litigation

     (1,622 )     —         —         —         —         —    

Other income

     —         —         —         154       —         —    

Interest income

     216       217       107       333       294       12  

Interest expense

     —         (444 )     (16 )     —         —         —    
    


 


 


 


 


 


Loss before income taxes

     (10,651 )     (12,788 )     (8,978 )     (5,641 )     (3,715 )     (2,364 )

Recovery of future income taxes

     570       1,140       698       —         —         —    
    


 


 


 


 


 


Net loss

   $ (10,081 )   $ (11,648 )   $ (8,280 )   $ (5,641 )   $ (3,715 )   $ (2,364 )
    


 


 


 


 


 


Net loss per share of common stock, basic and diluted

   $ (0.06 )   $ (0.10 )   $ (0.13 )   $ (0.14 )   $ (0.15 )   $ (0.11 )
    


 


 


 


 


 


Weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding, basic and diluted

     179,947       121,164       64,601       40,164       25,458       22,392  
    


 


 


 


 


 


 

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Selected U.S. GAAP Consolidated Statements of Operations

Canadian dollars

(In thousands, except per share data)

 

     Six Months
Ended
December 31,
2004


    Years Ended June 30,

 
       2004

    2003

    2002

    2001

 

Revenue

   $ —       $ —       $ —       $ —       $ —    

Research and development

     4,358       4,958       4,518       4,562       2,896  

In-process research and development

     —         —         19,772       —         —    

General and administration

     2,781       4,665       3,054       2,009       1,616  
       —         —         —         —         —    
    


 


 


 


 


Total operating expenses

     (7,139 )     (9,623 )     (27,344 )     (6,571 )     (4,512 )

Settlement of Cadherin Biomedical Inc. litigation

     (1,622 )     —         —         —         —    

Other income

     —         —         —         154       —    

Interest income

     216       217       107       333       294  

Interest expense

     —         —         (7 )     —         —    
    


 


 


 


 


Loss before income taxes

     (8,545 )     (9,406 )     (27,244 )     (6,084 )     (4,218 )

Recovery of current income taxes

     210       175       373       230       409  
    


 


 


 


 


Net loss in accordance with U.S. GAAP

   $ (8,335 )   $ (9,231 )   $ (26,871 )   $ (5,854 )   $ (3,809 )
    


 


 


 


 


Net loss per share of common stock, basic and diluted

   $ (0.05 )   $ (0.08 )   $ (0.42 )   $ (0.15 )   $ (0.15 )
    


 


 


 


 


Weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding, basic and diluted

     179,947       121,164       64,601       40,164       25,458  
    


 


 


 


 


 

Selected Canadian GAAP Consolidated Balance Sheet Data

Canadian dollars

(In thousands, except per share data)

 

    

December 31,

2004


    June 30,

 
       2004

    2003

   2002

   2001

    2000

 

Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments

   $ 21,120     $ 27,748     $ 3,198     $8,755    $ 14,153     $ 165  

Working capital

     19,417       26,930       3,024     8,325      14,242       (65 )

Acquired intellectual property rights

     24,572       26,132       29,252     —        —         —    

Total assets

     46,927       55,639       34,563     10,338      15,824       952  

Future income taxes

     8,982       9,552       10,692     —        —         —    

Liability component of convertible notes

     —         —         1,591     —        —         —    

Common stock

     49,255       48,343       25,550     23,028      23,028       4,520  

Contributed surplus

     32,577       29,639       17,410     —        —         —    

Accumulated deficit

     (46,197 )     (33,985 )     (22,337 )   (13,807)      (8,166 )     (4,451 )

Shareholders’ equity

   $ 35,635     $ 43,997     $ 20,623     $9,221    $ 14,862     $ 69  

Number of shares of common stock outstanding

     182,677       179,457       80,346     40,164      40,164       23,774  

 

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Selected U.S. GAAP Consolidated Balance Sheet Data

Canadian dollars

(In thousands, except per share data)

 

The following consolidated balance sheet items, as presented under U.S. GAAP:

 

    

December 31,

2004


    June 30,

 
       2004

    2003

    2002

    2001

 

Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments

   $ 21,120     $ 27,748     $ 3,198     $ 8,755     $ 14,153  

Working capital

     19,417       26,930       3,024       8,325       14,242  

Total assets

     22,355       29,507       5,311       10,338       15,824  

Convertible notes

     —         —         2,707       —         —    

Common stock

     49,314       48,402       25,609       23,087       23,087  

Contributed surplus

     29,591       29,540       16,632       307       94  

Accumulated deficit

     (58,860 )     (50,525 )     (41,294 )     (14,173 )     (8,319 )

Shareholders’ equity

   $ 20,045     $ 27,417     $ 947     $ 9,221     $ 14,682  

Number of shares of common stock outstanding

     182,677       179,457       80,346       40,164       40,164  

 

Exchange Rates

 

We publish our consolidated financial statements in Canadian dollars. For convenience, this Transition Report contains translations of certain Canadian dollar amounts into U.S. dollars. Unless specified otherwise, U.S. dollar amounts have been translated from Canadian dollars at the stated noon buying rate in New York City for cable transfers in Canadian dollars. The “noon buying rate” is the stated noon buying rate in New York City for cable transfers in foreign currencies as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. This does not mean that we have actually converted these amounts into U.S. dollars, nor that those Canadian dollar or U.S. dollar amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars or Canadian dollars, as the case may be, at any particular rate, the stated rate, or at all. On February 28, 2005, the noon buying rate of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York was CAD$1.00 = US$0.8133.

 

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, information concerning these exchange rates. The table illustrates how many U.S. dollars it would take to buy one Canadian dollar at the respective rates.

 

Annual Exchange Rates

 

     Average rate (1)

     (US$ per CAD$1.00)

For the six-month period ended December 31, 2004:

    

December 31, 2004

   0.7988

For the twelve-month period ended June 30:

    

June 30, 2004

   0.7365

June 30, 2003

   0.6655

June 30, 2002

   0.6379

June 30, 2001

   0.6577

June 30, 2000

   0.6790

(1) The yearly averages of the noon buying rates for Canadian dollars were calculated using the average noon buying rate on the last business day of each month during the relevant period.

 

Monthly Exchange Rates

 

     High

   Low

     (US$ per $1.00)

September 2004

   0.7906    0.7651

October 2004

   0.8201    0.7858

November 2004

   0.8532    0.8137

December 2004

   0.8475    0.8018

January 2005

   0.8368    0.8016

February 2005

   0.8173    0.7944

 

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B. Capitalization and indebtedness

 

Not applicable.

 

C. Reasons for the offer and use of proceeds

 

Not applicable.

 

D. Risk factors

 

An investment in our common stock should be considered highly speculative. In addition to other information in this Transition Report, you should carefully consider the following risk factors when evaluating the Company and our business.

 

Risks Related to Our Business

 

We have a history of significant losses and have no revenues to date. If we do not generate significant revenues, we will not achieve profitability.

 

To date, we have been engaged primarily in research and development activities. We have no revenues to date, and we do not expect to have significant revenues until we either are able to sell our product candidates after obtaining applicable regulatory approvals or we establish collaborations that provide us with funding, such as licensing fees, milestone payments, royalties, upfront payments or otherwise. We have incurred significant operating losses every year since our inception on September 3, 1996. We experienced net losses of approximately $10.1 million for the six months ended December 31, 2004, approximately $11.6 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2004, approximately $8.3 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2003, and approximately $5.6 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2002. As of December 31, 2004, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $46.2 million. We anticipate incurring substantial additional losses over the next several years due to the need to expend substantial amounts on our continuing clinical trials and anticipated research and development activities and general and administrative expenses in support of the Company, among other factors. We have not commercially introduced any product and our product candidates are in varying early stages of development and testing. Our ability to attain profitability will depend upon our ability to develop products that are safe, effective and commercially viable, to obtain regulatory approval for the manufacture and sale of our product candidates and to license or otherwise market our product candidates successfully. We may never achieve or sustain profitability on an ongoing basis.

 

Our product candidates are at an early stage of development. Due to the long, expensive and unpredictable drug development process, we may never successfully develop and commercialize our product candidates.

 

In order to achieve profitable operations, we, alone or in collaboration with others, must successfully develop, manufacture, introduce and market our product candidates. The time necessary to achieve market success for any individual product is long and uncertain. Our product candidates and research programs are in the early stage of clinical development and require significant, time-consuming and costly research and development, testing and regulatory clearances. In developing our product candidates, we are subject to risks of failure that are inherent in the development of products and therapeutic procedures based on innovative technologies. For example, it is possible that any or all of these product candidates will be ineffective or toxic, or otherwise will fail to receive necessary regulatory clearances. There is a risk that our product candidates will be uneconomical to manufacture or market or will not achieve market acceptance. There is also a risk that third parties may hold proprietary rights that preclude us from marketing our product candidates or that others will market a superior or equivalent product.

 

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We must conduct human clinical trials to assess our product candidates. If these trials are delayed or are unsuccessful, our development costs will significantly increase and our business prospects will suffer.

 

Before obtaining regulatory approvals for the commercial sale of our product candidates, we must demonstrate, through preclinical studies with animals and clinical trials with humans, that our product candidates are safe and effective for use in each target indication. To date, we have performed only limited clinical trials, and we have only done so with some of our product candidates. Most of our testing has been conducted on animals or on human cells in a laboratory dish, and the benefits of treatment seen in animals may not ultimately be obtained in human clinical trials. As a result, we will need to perform significant additional research and development and extensive preclinical and clinical testing prior to any application for commercial use. We may suffer significant setbacks in clinical trials, and the trials may demonstrate our product candidates to be unsafe or ineffective. We may also encounter problems in our clinical trials that will cause us to delay, suspend or terminate those clinical trials, which would increase our development costs and harm our financial results and commercial prospects.

 

We will need additional capital to fund our operations, which may not be available at all or on acceptable terms. If we do not have or cannot raise additional funding when needed, we will not be able to develop and commercialize our product candidates successfully and we may not be able to continue operations.

 

We will need substantial additional funding to develop and potentially commercialize our product candidates. Since inception (September 3, 1996) and through December 31, 2004, we have utilized approximately $38.0 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments to fund our activities. We have not generated any revenues to date, and we expect to incur substantial expenses in connection with preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory review, manufacturing and potentially sales and marketing. Under our current operating plan and forecast, we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and capital are sufficient to fund our anticipated operations until March 31, 2006. However, any one of the following factors, among others, could cause us to require additional funds sooner or otherwise cause our cash requirements in the future to materially increase:

 

    results of research and development activities;

 

    progress or lack of progress of our preclinical studies or clinical trials;

 

    our drug substance requirements to support clinical programs;

 

    our ability to establish corporate collaborations and licensing arrangements;

 

    changes in the focus, direction, or costs of our research and development programs;

 

    the costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining, defending and enforcing patent claims;

 

    competitive and technological advances;

 

    the potential need to develop, acquire or license new technologies and products;

 

    establishment of marketing and sales capabilities;

 

    our business development activities;

 

    current and new regulatory requirements imposed by regulatory authorities, including the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002;

 

    the timing and outcome of the regulatory review process; or

 

    commercialization activities, if any.

 

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Accordingly, we cannot guarantee that our current cash, cash equivalents and capital will be sufficient to fund operations for the period described above. In any event, after that period, we will require substantial additional funds to develop our product candidates and to otherwise meet our business objectives. Additional financing may not be available on acceptable terms when needed, if at all. If adequate funds are not available on acceptable terms when needed, we would be required to delay, scale back or eliminate one or more of our product development programs or to seek to obtain funds through arrangements with collaborative partners (or others), which arrangements may include a requirement that we relinquish rights to certain of our technologies or products or related rights that we would not otherwise relinquish. Any failure to obtain funding when and in the amounts needed would have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.

 

We anticipate that our near-term operations will include, among other things:

 

    concluding our Phase I ADH-1 (also known as Exherin) trial in Canada at the Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre and at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas; continuing our Phase Ib/II clinical trial (see definition in Technical Glossary) in Europe (with sites in Switzerland and Italy) in which we are investigating a weekly dosing schedule of ADH-1; initiating a second Phase Ib/II clinical trial in North America in which we intend to assess a daily times five dosing schedule and initiating a Phase II trial in the first half of 2005 in Canada using ADH-1 as a single agent in multiple N-cadherin positive tumor types with an every three-week dosing schedule—(this trial will be the first in a planned Phase II program that is expected to enroll approximately 200 or more patients with N-cadherin positive tumors, while up to 80 patients with N-cadherin positive tumors will be enrolled in the two Phase Ib/II trials);

 

    initiating a prospective, randomized Phase III clinical trial on Sodium Thiosulfate (“STS”) evaluating its effectiveness in reducing the incidence of platinum-induced ototoxicity (hearing loss associated with platinum-based chemotherapy) in pediatric or adult patients in 2005;

 

    continuing to evaluate the commercial potential of N-Acetylcysteine (“NAC”), with decisions anticipated in 2005 depending upon the results of ongoing Phase I investigator-initiated studies at Oregon Health & Science University (“OHSU”);

 

    continuing to evaluate the commercial potential of Mesna;

 

    continuing to develop our preclinical pipeline of peptides and small chemical molecules;

 

    adding up to 12 additional employees in 2005; and

 

    purchasing laboratory and office equipment as we continue to build our corporate presence in the United States to support the advancement of our clinical development activities.

 

The clinical development of ADH-1will require:

 

    the conclusion of our Phase I clinical trial;

 

    the completion of two Phase Ib/II clinical trials - one in Europe and one in North America (to start in early 2005)—in which we intend to assess the effect of different dosing schedules of ADH-1 on tumor size reduction, toxicity, pharmacodynamics and pharmocokinetics in the context of a limited intra-patient dose escalation in up to an aggregate of approximately 80 patients whose tumors are N-cadherin positive, including selective dynamic MRI scanning to assess the timing, magnitude and effect of the drug on tumor vasculature; and

 

   

the completion of a Phase II program, the first study of which we expect to begin in Canada in the second quarter of 2005, with the objective of identifying the tumor types

 

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most appropriate for future Phase III trials and to estimate the anti-tumor response frequency and the frequency of side effects.

 

We anticipate that these studies will provide the safety information and estimates of the expected range of therapeutic effectiveness that are a pre-requisite to the design and conduct of prospective, randomized pivotal Phase III trials, which are required for submission of a New Drug Application (“NDA”) to the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) in the United States or a New Drug Submission (“NDS”) in Canada. Substantial additional funding will be required to conduct pivotal Phase III trials, which we would likely seek from a partnership with a large pharmaceutical or biotechnology company. Further, if the results from the Phase Ib/II or Phase II trials or preclinical studies underway indicate the need to modify the development program, such as by testing in combination with chemotherapy or radiation therapy, or require modification of the development approach for reasons of efficacy or toxicity, we will incur additional costs and we may need to conduct additional Phase I, Phase Ib/II or Phase II clinical trials. In general, the conduct of prospective, randomized Phase III trials require hundreds of patients to be enrolled at multiple centers. The costs of such trials are dependent upon many factors which cannot be accurately estimated at this time, including the number of patients, number of centers, duration of treatment, dose of the drug, requirements for testing and follow-up, requirements for screening to identify appropriate and eligible patients, requisite additional medical therapies or support, and other factors. Also, the costs of Phase III clinical trials will be impacted by the effectiveness of the drug in patients with different cancer types and the choice of cancer type for Phase III investigation. According to industry sources, it takes an average of 12 to 15 years to develop and obtain regulatory approval for a new drug and costs an average of approximately US$800 million, depending on the source and methodology used, to do so. At this time, we cannot estimate whether the costs for developing ADH-1 will be lower, the same, or greater than this. The Company will require additional funding to conduct these studies and will seek to obtain these funds via issuance of equity, through debt instruments, or through partnership with other public or private entities, or a combination of these.

 

An industry source estimated that it takes an average of approximately US$8 million to develop a drug with orphan drug designation. We anticipate that the costs for Adherex in developing STS may be less than this if we are able to obtain support from the U.S. federally funded cooperative group mechanism, including significant funding of clinical care costs and data management costs. If we receive anticipated levels of federal funding, we estimate that the Phase III trial for STS which we expect will be conducted by the Children’s Oncology Group (“COG”) in the pediatric population to assess the reduction in incidence of platinum-based chemotherapy induced hearing loss will require approximately US$3 million of Adherex funding, primarily for costs associated with drug production and distribution, quality control, laboratory testing, data management, analysis and reporting. We may not receive the federal funding and support that we anticipate, and the cost of developing STS may greatly exceed our expectations and averages.

 

We can make no assurance that we will commence or complete our planned clinical trials when anticipated, if at all.

 

If we do not enter into new collaborations with other companies, we may not successfully develop our product candidates or generate sufficient revenues to expand our business.

 

We currently have scientific and research collaboration arrangements with academic institutions, including McGill University (“McGill”), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (“Rutgers”) and OHSU as follows:

 

    We have a 27-year, exclusive worldwide license from McGill to develop, use and market certain cell adhesion technology and compounds, including ADH-1. We are obligated to fund certain mutually agreed upon research at McGill over a period of ten years totaling $3.3 million and to make payments of up to $0.3 million to McGill if we fail to meet certain milestones. We must also pay royalties of up to 2% of any gross revenue from the sale of licensed compounds.

 

   

Through our acquisition of Oxiquant, Inc. (“Oxiquant”) we acquired an exclusive worldwide license with Rutgers to develop, use and market cancer products using the licensed intellectual property relating to Mesna. We are required to pay Rutgers up to US$675,000 upon the

 

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achievement of certain clinical development and regulatory milestones; an annual license fee of US$20,000 in 2005, increasing by US$5,000 in 2006 and to US$50,000 thereafter; running royalties of 4% of any net sales of any licensed products; and a 20% non-running royalty on any sublicense of the licensed technology.

 

    Though our acquisition of Oxiquant, we acquired an exclusive worldwide license with OHSU to develop, use and market cancer products using the licensed intellectual property relating to thiol-based compounds. Under the license agreement with OHSU, we are required to pay OHSU up to US$1.0 million upon the achievement of certain clinical development and sales milestones; a 2.5% royalty on net sales of any licensed products; and a 15% royalty on any sublicense of the licensed technology.

 

The agreements with McGill, Rutgers and OHSU are terminable by either party in the event of an uncured breach by the other party. We may also terminate our agreement with McGill after September 2006 and our agreements with Rutgers and OHSU at any time upon prior written notice of specified durations to the licensor. To date, we and our collaborators have performed our respective obligations under the terms of the agreements. However, our collaborators may not perform as agreed in the future or may terminate our agreement if we fail to carry out our obligations.

 

The success of our business strategy will be dependent on our ability to enter into collaborations with other industry participants that advance the development and clinical testing of, regulatory approval for and commercialization of our product candidates, as well as collaborations that provide us with funding, such as licensing fees, milestone payments, royalties, upfront payments or otherwise. We may not be successful in establishing any further collaborations, and any collaborations we do establish may not lead to the successful development of our product candidates.

 

Since we conduct a significant portion of our early stage research and development through collaborations, our success may depend significantly on the performance of such collaborators, as well as any future collaborators. Any future collaborators may not commit sufficient resources to the research and development or commercialization of our product candidates. Economic or technological advantages of products being developed by others may lead our collaborators to pursue other product candidates or technologies in preference to those being developed in collaboration with us. The commercial potential of, development stage of and projected resources required to develop our drug candidates will also affect our ability to partner with or obtain new collaborators. There is a risk of dispute with respect to ownership of technology developed under any collaboration. Our management of any collaboration will require significant time and effort as well as an effective allocation of resources. We may not be able to simultaneously manage a large number of collaborations.

 

In addition to our collaborations, we have received approval from the Drug Development Group (“DDG”) of the U.S. National Cancer Institute’s (“NCI”) Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis for a Level III collaboration for the clinical development of the Company’s lead biotechnology compound ADH-1. As part of the collaboration, we expect that the NCI’s Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program and Developmental Therapeutics Program will negotiate a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (“CRADA”) with us to sponsor clinical trials and additional preclinical studies of ADH-1 to further evaluate its anticancer and vascular targeting effects both as a single agent and in combination with other agents in patients with advanced resistant cancers that express the molecular marker N-cadherin. We also have entered into a standard form screening agreement with the NCI under which the NCI screens and tests compounds supplied by us from our preclinical pipeline for anti-cancer qualities useful to cancer chemotherapy at no cost to us. NCI has no obligation to execute the CRADA to sponsor clinical trials and additional preclinical studies of ADH-1 or to continue to perform screening work for us and may terminate the screening agreement at any time, as may we. In the event that we or the NCI terminate the screening agreement, we may fund the screening of some or all of the compounds currently being tested by the NCI or seek a corporate partner to conduct the screening work for us, which would result in increased costs for us.

 

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As we expand the size of our organization, we may experience difficulties in effectively managing our growth, which could adversely impact our business.

 

Our future growth will strain our management, human, operational, financial and other resources. Currently, we have 23 full-time employees. We intend to add up to 12 additional employees in 2005, and we expect most of them will be involved in research and development activities. There is intense competition for qualified personnel in our industry, and our success will depend on our ability to identify, attract and retain qualified individuals. In order to manage our future growth effectively, we will have to implement and improve operational, financial, manufacturing and management information systems and to expand, train, manage and motivate our employees. These demands may require the addition of new management personnel. To the extent that we are unable to manage our growth effectively or are unable to attract and retain additional qualified individuals, we may not be able to successfully accomplish our business objectives.

 

If we lose our key personnel or are unable to attract and retain additional personnel, we may be unable to effectively manage our business and successfully develop our product candidates.

 

Our success depends upon certain key personnel, in particular William P. Peters, MD, PhD, MBA, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors, the loss of whose services might significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our scientific or business objectives. We have entered into an employment agreement with Dr. Peters that has an initial term that ends on March 12, 2008. If we terminate Dr. Peters without “cause,” or if Dr. Peters terminates his employment for Good Reason or a Change of Control (as such terms are defined in the agreement), we are obligated to pay Dr. Peters severance compensation equal to 24 months salary and certain other benefits. Although we have entered into employment agreements with each of our key personnel, we cannot be certain that any individual will continue in such capacity for any particular period of time. The loss of key personnel, or the inability to hire and retain qualified employees, could negatively affect our ability to manage our business. We do not currently carry key person life insurance.

 

If our licenses to proprietary technology owned by others are terminated or expire, we may suffer increased development costs and delays, and we may not be able to successfully develop our product candidates.

 

The development of our drug candidates and the manufacture and sale of any products that we develop will involve the use of processes, products and information, some of the rights to which are owned by others. A number of our product candidates are licensed under agreements with McGill, Rutgers or OHSU. Although we have obtained licenses or rights with regard to the use of certain processes, products and information, the licenses or rights could be terminated or expire during critical periods and we may not be able to obtain, on favorable terms or at all, licenses or other rights that are required. Some of these licenses provide for limited periods of exclusivity that may be extended only with the consent of the licensor, which may not be granted.

 

If we are unable to adequately protect our patents and licenses related to our product candidates, or we infringe upon the intellectual property rights of others, we may not be able to successfully develop and commercialize our product candidates.

 

The value of our technology will depend in part upon our ability, and that of our collaborators, to obtain patent protection or licenses to patents, maintain trade secret protection and operate without infringing on the rights of third parties. We have filed numerous applications for patents in the United States and other jurisdictions. Although we have successfully pursued patent applications in the past, it is possible that:

 

    some or all of our pending patent applications, or those we have licensed, may not be allowed;

 

    proprietary products or processes that we develop in the future may not be patentable;

 

    any issued patents (that we own or license) may not provide us with any competitive advantages or may be successfully challenged by third parties; or

 

    the patents of others may have an adverse effect on our ability to do business.

 

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It is not possible for us to be certain that we are the original and first creator of inventions encompassed by our pending patent applications (or those we have licensed) or that we were the first to file patent applications for any such inventions. Further, any of our patents (or those we license), once issued, may be declared by a court to be invalid or unenforceable.

 

In order to obtain further patent protection, we may file additional patent applications relating to novel processes for manufacturing, delivery, use, new formulations or other aspects of our product candidates. While we intend to file, when appropriate, patent applications with respect to inventions, patents may not ultimately be issued or, if issued, they may be of little or no commercial value. In addition, it is impossible to anticipate the breadth or degree of protection that patents will afford products developed by us or the underlying technology. We also cannot guarantee that any patents issued covering such products or any patents licensed to us will not be successfully challenged or that our product candidates will not infringe the patents of third parties.

 

Patent applications relating to or affecting our business have been filed by a number of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies and academic institutions. The scope and validity of patents that may be obtained by third parties are unknown. A number of these patent applications, or the related technologies, may conflict with our technologies or patent applications, which could reduce the scope of patent protection that could otherwise be obtained or even lead to refusal of our patent applications.

 

We may be required to obtain licenses under patents or other proprietary rights of third parties but the extent to which we may wish or need to do so is unknown. Any such licenses may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all. If such licenses are obtained, it is likely they would be royalty bearing, which would reduce our income. If licenses cannot be obtained on an economical basis, we could suffer delays in market introduction of planned products or their introduction could be prevented, in some cases after the expenditure of substantial funds. If we do not obtain such licenses, we may have to design around patents of third parties, potentially causing increased costs and delays in product development and introduction or precluding us from developing, manufacturing, or selling our planned products. Alternatively, we could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be foreclosed.

 

Litigation may also be necessary to enforce or defend patents issued or licensed to us or our collaborators or to determine the scope and validity of a third party’s proprietary rights. We could incur substantial costs if litigation is required to defend ourselves in patent suits brought by third parties, if we participate in patent suits brought against or initiated by our collaborators, or if we initiate such suits. We may not prevail in any such action. An adverse outcome in litigation or an interference to determine priority or other proceeding in a court or patent office could subject us to significant liabilities, require disputed rights to be licensed from other parties or require us or our collaborators to cease using certain technology or products. Any of these events would likely have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

In February 2004, we filed a claim in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice against Cadherin Biomedical Inc. (“CBI”) in the amount of $124,000 on account of unpaid goods and services rendered. In July 2004, CBI filed a statement of defense and counterclaim in response to such claim. CBI’s counterclaim sought $5.0 million in damages in relation to the license agreement between the parties. Later in July 2004, we entered into a non-binding letter of intent to acquire all of the issued and outstanding shares of CBI through an amalgamation of CBI with a wholly-owned subsidiary of Adherex to be incorporated under the Canada Business Corporations Act (“CBCA”) for this purpose. On December 3, 2004, we completed the acquisition of CBI. Pursuant to the terms of the amalgamation, the Company issued to CBI shareholders approximately 3.2 million shares of Adherex common stock valued at $1.5 million based on a 20-day weighted average trading price. The shares were issued in exchange for all of the issued and outstanding shares of CBI, or approximately 0.069 shares of Adherex common stock for each share of CBI preferred stock outstanding (subject to any claims made against the 500,000 shares of Adherex stock to being held in escrow). The acquisition provides Adherex with the rights to the non-cancer

 

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applications relating to the cadherin technology and served as a settlement of the claim commenced by us against CBI in February 2004 and the counterclaim filed by CBI against us in July 2004. See Item 4.B., “Information on the Company—Business overview—Corporate Relationships.”

 

Much of our technological know-how that is not patentable may constitute trade secrets. Therefore, we require our employees, consultants, advisors and collaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. However, such agreements may not provide for meaningful protection of our trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure of information. To date, we have not experienced significant problems safeguarding our confidential and proprietary information. In addition, others may independently develop or obtain similar technology and may be able to market competing products and obtain regulatory approval through a showing of equivalency to our product that has obtained regulatory approvals, without being required to undertake the same lengthy and expensive clinical studies that we would have already completed.

 

The vulnerability to off-label use or sale of our product candidates that are covered only by “method of use” patents may cause downward pricing pressure on these product candidates if they are ever commercialized and may make it more difficult for us to enter into collaboration or partnering arrangements for the development of these product candidates.

 

Some of our product candidates, including STS, NAC and Mesna, are currently only covered by “method of use” patents, which cover the use of certain compounds to treat specific conditions, and not by “composition of matter” patents, which would cover the chemical composition of the compound. Method of use patents provide less protection than composition of matter patents because of the possibility of off-label uses if other companies develop or market the compound for other uses. If another company markets a drug that we expect to market under the protection of a method of use patent, physicians may prescribe the other company’s drug for use in the indication for which we may obtain approval, even if the other company’s drug is not approved for such an indication. Off-label use and sales could exert pricing pressure on any products we develop covered only by method of use patents. Also, it may be more difficult to find a collaborator to license or support the development of our product candidates that are only covered by method of use patents.

 

If our third party manufacturers breach or terminate their agreements with us, or if we are unable to secure arrangements with third party manufacturers on acceptable terms as needed in the future, we may suffer significant delays and additional costs.

 

We have no experience manufacturing products and do not currently have the resources to manufacture any products that we may develop. We currently have agreements with three contract manufacturers for ADH-1, including two drug substance providers and one drug product supplier for our clinical trials. We currently have an agreement with a third party to manufacture STS for our clinical trials. To date, our contract manufacturers have performed their obligations under the terms of our agreements with them, but they may not perform as agreed in the future or may terminate our agreement with them before the end of the required term. While we anticipate being able to replace our current third-party manufacturers, significant additional time and costs would be required to effect a transition to a new manufacturer.

 

We will continue to rely on contract manufacturers for the foreseeable future to produce quantities of products and substances necessary for research and development, preclinical trials, human clinical trials and product commercialization, and to perform their obligations in a timely manner and in accordance with applicable government regulations. If we develop any products with commercial potential, we will need to develop the facilities to independently manufacture such products or secure arrangements with third parties to manufacture them. We may not be able to independently develop manufacturing capabilities or obtain favorable terms for the manufacture of our products. While we intend to contract for the commercial manufacture of our product candidates, we may not be able to identify and qualify contractors or obtain favorable contracting terms. We or our contract manufacturers may also fail to meet required manufacturing standards, which could result in delays or failures in product delivery, increased costs, injury or death to patients, product recalls or withdrawals and other problems that could significantly hurt our business. We intend to maintain a second source for back-up commercial manufacturing, wherever

 

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feasible. However, if a replacement to our future internal or contract manufacturers were required, the ability to establish second-sourcing or find a replacement manufacturer may be difficult due to the lead times generally required to manufacture drugs and the need for FDA compliance inspections and approvals of any replacement manufacturer, all of which factors could result in production delays and additional commercialization costs. Such lead times would vary based on the situation, but might be 12 months or longer.

 

We lack the resources necessary to effectively market our product candidates, and we may need to rely on third parties over whom we have little or no control and who may not perform as expected.

 

To date, we do not have the necessary resources to market our product candidates. If we develop any products with commercial potential, we will either have to develop a marketing capability, including a sales force, or attempt to enter into a collaboration, merger, joint venture, license or other arrangement with third parties to provide a substantial portion of the financial and other resources needed to market such products. We may not be able to do so on acceptable terms, if at all. If we rely extensively on third parties to market our products, the commercial success of such products may be largely outside of our control.

 

We will likely face foreign currency exchange risks which may expose us to increased costs and decreased revenue.

 

Historically, our functional currency has been the Canadian dollar. However, we have moved our executive officers and our development activities to the United States. We may face exposure to adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates when our product candidates are commercialized, if at all. We expect that any products we may develop would generate international revenues and expenses, denominated in U.S., Canadian and other currencies. In such an event, we will likely face differing tax structures, foreign regulations and restrictions, and general foreign exchange rate volatility. To date, we have not instituted a hedging program against the risks associated with foreign exchange exposure. We may implement hedging techniques in the future, which may not be successful. To date, we have experienced no significant negative consequences resulting from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

 

Risks Related to Our Industry

 

If we are unable to obtain applicable U.S. and/or foreign regulatory approvals, we will be unable to develop and commercialize our drug candidates.

 

The preclinical studies and clinical trials of our product candidates, as well as the manufacturing, labeling, sale and distribution, export or import, marketing, advertising and promotion of our product candidates are subject to various regulatory frameworks in the United States, Canada and other countries. In the United States, our product candidates are regulated by federal, state and local governmental authorities, including the FDA. In Canada, our product candidates are regulated by federal, provincial and local governmental authorities, including the Health Products and Food Branch of Health Canada. Any products that we develop must receive all relevant regulatory approvals and clearances before any marketing, sale or distribution. The regulatory process, which includes extensive preclinical studies and clinical testing to establish product safety and efficacy, can take many years and cost substantial amounts of money. According to industry sources, it takes an average of 12 to 15 years to develop and obtain regulatory approval for a new drug and costs an average of approximately US$800 million, depending on the source and methodology used, to do so. An industry source estimated that it takes an average of approximately US$8 million to develop a drug with Orphan Drug Designation. As a result of the length of time, many challenges and costs associated with the drug development process, the historical rate of failures for drug candidates is extremely high. Varying interpretations of the data obtained from studies and tests could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval or clearance. Changes in regulatory policy could also cause delays or affect regulatory approval. Any regulatory delays may increase our development costs and negatively impact our competitiveness and prospects. It is possible that we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval of any of our drug candidates and any approvals may take longer and cost more to obtain than expected.

 

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We are currently concluding a Phase I clinical trial on ADH-1 with sites in Canada at the Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre and in Houston, Texas at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. We are currently conducting a Phase Ib/II clinical trial on ADH-1 in Europe with sites in Switzerland and Italy, where enrollment is underway using a weekly dosing schedule. We intend to initiate a second Phase Ib/II trial in early 2005 in North America in which we intend to investigate a once a day administration of the drug for five consecutive days. In these Phase Ib/II studies, we intend to assess the effects of ADH-1 on tumor size reduction, toxicity, pharmacodynamics and pharmocokinetics in the context of a limited intra-patient dose escalation in up to an aggregate of approximately 80 patients whose tumors are N-cadherin positive and will selectively use dynamic MRI scanning to assess the timing, magnitude and effect of the drug on the tumor and tumor vasculature. In the second quarter of 2005, we plan to initiate a Phase II study in Canada using ADH-1 as a single agent in multiple N-cadherin positive tumor types with an every three week dosing schedule. This trial will be the first in a planned Phase II program that is expected to enroll approximately 200 or more patients with N-cadherin positive tumors, with the objective of identifying the tumor types most appropriate for future Phase III trials and to estimate the response frequency.

 

Investigators at OHSU have conducted Phase I and Phase II clinical studies with STS that have shown that STS substantially reduces the hearing loss associated with platinum-based chemotherapy. We intend to continue the development of STS and plan to conduct a Phase III trial, if we are able to obtain the assistance of the Children’s Oncology Group, to assess the reduction in incidence of platinum-induced ototoxicity (hearing loss associated with platinum-based chemotherapy) in pediatric patients, for which we have received Orphan Drug Designation in the United States from the FDA.

 

We have licensed certain intellectual property rights from OHSU that support the use of NAC for various indications, including preventative therapy against bone marrow toxicity due to chemotherapy. NAC is currently the subject of ongoing Phase I investigation at OHSU under an investigator IND on the use of NAC as a bone marrow protectant in the context of platinum-based chemotherapy . Upon the completion of this study, we will re-evaluate the market potential of NAC.

 

We have licensed worldwide intellectual property rights from Rutgers for certain methods of using Mesna as a chemoenhancer by preventing changes in the oxygen reduction potential, or redox state, of cancer cells, and investigators in Argentina, independently from the Company, have completed a Phase I trial for this indication in Mesna. We are evaluating Mesna, but believe it would be necessary to repeat the findings of the Argentinean clinical trial prior to further developing this product candidate.

 

Regulatory approvals, if granted, may entail limitations on the uses for which any products we develop may be marketed, limiting the potential sales for any such products. The granting of product approvals can be withdrawn at any time, and manufacturers of approved products are subject to regular reviews, including for compliance with GMP. Failure to comply with any applicable regulatory requirement, which may change from time to time, can result in warning letters, fines, sanctions, penalties, recalling or seizing products, suspension of production, or even criminal prosecution.

 

Future sales of our product candidates may suffer if they fail to achieve market acceptance.

 

Even if our product candidates are successfully developed and achieve appropriate regulatory approval, they may not enjoy commercial acceptance or success. Product candidates may compete with a number of new and traditional drugs and therapies developed by major pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Market acceptance is dependent on product candidates demonstrating clinical efficacy and safety, as well as demonstrating advantages over alternative treatment methods. In addition, market acceptance is influenced by government reimbursement policies and the ability of third parties to pay for such products. Physicians, patients, the medical community or patients may not accept or utilize any products we may develop.

 

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We face a strong competitive environment. Other companies may develop or commercialize more effective or cheaper products before we do, which may reduce or eliminate the demand for our product candidates.

 

The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry, and in particular the field of cancer therapeutics, is very competitive. Many companies and research organizations are engaged in the research, development and testing of new cancer therapies or means of increasing the effectiveness of existing therapies, including, among many others, OXiGENE, Inc., Sanofi-Aventis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pfizer, Inc., AstraZeneca PLC, Amgen, Inc., Genentech, Inc., NeoPharm, Inc., Bayer AG, EntreMed Inc., Johnson & Johnson, Merck & Co., Inc., Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Antisoma PLC, Abbott Laboratories, Inc. and Novartis AG. Many of these companies have marketed drugs or are developing targeted cancer therapeutics, and depending upon the mechanism of action of the agents, could be competitors. However, we are not aware of any other N-cadherin targeted compound in clinical trials.

 

We are aware of at least three companies, AstraZeneca, Aventis and OXiGENE which are clinically developing cancer angiolytics. Their product candidates target a cellular protein called tubulin. When administered they destroy the scaffold-like structure that supports the lining cells (endothelial cells) of blood vessels, causing the endothelial cells to round, cutting off blood flow through the blood vessel. They thus cut off a tumor’s blood supply and lead to tumor cell death. Some other angiolytic agents are in preclinical development, including antibodies to tumor blood vessel wall components and agents linked with liposomal cytotoxic agents, but little information about these agents is publicly available at this time. These competing angiolytics work in a very different way than ADH-1 and, to our knowledge, we are the only company approaching tumor angiolysis from the perspective of peptide inhibitor-based cadherin antagonism, or the disruption of tumor blood vessels by inhibiting the proteins that hold the blood vessels together. Tumor angiolysis is an emerging field, and our competitors’ tubulin targeting agents, like our drug candidates, are in early stages of clinical development. To our knowledge, no angiolytic products have completed Phase II and/or entered Phase III development to date. Accordingly, it is premature to speculate on the potential advantages and disadvantages of different angiolytic agents because the efficacy and tolerability profiles of these agents are not yet available in the public domain. However, our competitors may achieve regulatory approval for their drug candidates sooner than we do, and their drugs may be more competitive than ours.

 

Anti-angiogenic compounds, which aim to prevent the growth of new tumor vessels, may compete with angiolytic compounds like ADH-1, but they may also be complementary. It may be useful to consider the use of anti-angiogenic agents in sequential therapy with angiolytic agents as a way to initially destroy existing tumor vessels and subsequently prevent new tumor blood vessel growth.

 

Programmed cell death or apoptosis has a critical role in the maintenance of healthy tissues. It is being increasingly recognized that defects in apoptotic mechanisms and pathways commonly occur to allow cancer cells to survive, flourish and accumulate – in fact the defects in the apoptotic pathways are fundamental properties of cancer biology. In recent years, the molecular underpinning of apoptosis pathways has received considerable attention and provides another opportunity for potential therapeutic intervention by inducing apoptosis in tumor cells. Many such apoptosis inducers are in preclinical and clinical in development as oncology therapeutics candidates with companies that include Sanofi-Aventis, Abbott Laboratories, Inc., Novartis AG, Pfizer, Inc., and Merck & Co., Inc.

 

We are not aware of any commercially available agents that reduce the incidence of the hearing loss associated with the use of platinum-based anti-cancer agents, for which purpose we are attempting to develop STS. We are aware of one company, Sound Pharmaceuticals, Inc., that is developing agents for noise and age related hearing loss. We are also aware of research relating to the use of high doses of amifostine (a drug used to control some of the side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy) for the protection of hearing in connection with platinum-based chemotherapy. Cochlear implants, which are small electronic devices surgically placed in the inner ear to assist with certain types of deafness, are utilized to offer some relief, and other companies may seek to develop such agents in the future.

 

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We are developing NAC as a bone marrow protectant to be used to prevent bone marrow toxicity (low white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets) caused by certain cancer drugs. There are, however, drugs approved or in clinical development for the prevention or treatment of thrombocytopenia (low platelet count caused by various anti-cancer therapies), including Wyeth’s Neumega and Amgen Inc.’s AMG 531. Platelet transfusions are also a common practice, and other companies may attempt to develop platelet protectants in the future to decrease the need for platelet transfusions. There are drugs that are approved for the treatment of a low neutrophil count, including Amgen Inc.’s Neumega and Neulasta. Approved drugs used for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced anemia include Ortho Biotech’s Procrit and Amgen Inc.’s Aranesp.

 

Many chemotherapeutic agents are currently available and numerous others are being developed. Any chemotherapeutic products that we are able to develop with Mesna may not be able to compete effectively with existing or future chemotherapeutic agents. However, cancer as a disease is not controlled by any one anti-cancer agent, and there is typically a need for several agents at any one time and over time different regimens and cocktails of agents are used.

 

Many of our existing or potential competitors have substantially greater financial, technical and human resources than we do and may be better equipped to develop, manufacture and market products. In addition, many of these competitors have extensive experience with preclinical testing and human clinical trials and in obtaining regulatory approvals. Also, some of the smaller companies that compete with us have formed collaborative relationships with large, established companies to support the research, development, clinical trials and commercialization of any products that they may develop. To date, we have not entered into any such commercialization collaborations. Academic institutions, government agencies and other public and private research organizations may also conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangements for research, clinical development and marketing of products similar to those we seek to develop. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining qualified scientific and management personnel as well as in acquiring technologies complementary to our projects.

 

We are likely to face competition in the areas of product efficacy and safety, ease of use and adaptability, as well as pricing, product acceptance, regulatory approvals and intellectual property. Competitors could develop more effective, safer and more affordable products than we do, and they may obtain patent protection or product commercialization before we do or even render our product candidates obsolete.

 

We may face product liability claims that could require us to defend costly lawsuits or incur substantial liabilities that could adversely impact our receipt of regulatory approvals for our product candidates.

 

The use of our product candidates in clinical trials and for commercial applications, if any, may expose us to liability claims in the event that such product candidates cause injury or disease or result in other adverse effects. These claims could be made by health care institutions, contract laboratories, patients or others using our product candidates. We carry clinical trial insurance with a policy limit of US$3.0 million, but the coverage may not be sufficient to protect us from liabilities we might incur. In addition, our existing coverage will not be adequate if we further develop products, and future coverage may not be available in sufficient amounts or at reasonable cost. Adverse liability claims may also harm our ability to obtain or maintain regulatory approvals.

 

We use hazardous material and chemicals in our research and development, and our failure to comply with laws related to hazardous materials could materially harm us.

 

Our research and development processes involve the controlled use of hazardous materials, such as flammable organic solvents, corrosive acids, and corrosive bases. Accordingly, we are subject to federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations governing the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of such materials and certain waste products. While we believe that safety procedures for handling and disposing of such materials will comply with the standards prescribed by federal, state, local and/or foreign regulations, the risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials cannot be completely

 

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eliminated. In the event of such an accident, we could be held liable for any damages that result and any such liability could exceed our resources and may not be covered by our general liability insurance, which carries a policy limit of US$2.0 million. In addition, we have a US$2.0 million umbrella policy. We currently do not carry insurance specifically for hazardous materials claims. We may be required to incur significant costs to comply with environmental laws and regulations, which may change from time to time. To date, we have not been the subject of any environmental investigation by governmental authorities.

 

Efforts to reduce product pricing and health care reimbursement and changes to government policies could negatively affect the commercialization of our product candidates.

 

If any of our product candidates achieves regulatory approval, we may be materially adversely affected by the continuing efforts of governmental and third party payors to contain or reduce health care costs. For example, if we succeed in bringing one or more products to market, such products may not be considered cost effective and the availability of consumer reimbursement may not exist or be sufficient to allow the sale of such products on a competitive basis. The constraints on pricing and availability of competitive products may further limit our pricing and reimbursement policies as well as adversely effect market acceptance and commercialization for the products. In certain foreign markets the pricing or profitability of healthcare products is subject to government control. In recent years, federal, state, provincial and local officials and legislators have proposed or are proposing a variety of price-based reforms to the healthcare systems in the United States and Canada. Some proposals include measures that would limit or eliminate payments from third party payors to the consumer for certain medical procedures and treatments or allow government control of pharmaceutical pricing. The adoption of any such proposals or reforms could adversely affect the commercial viability of our product candidates.

 

Any significant changes in the healthcare system in the United States and Canada and abroad would likely have a substantial impact on the manner in which we conduct business and could have a material adverse effect on our ability to raise capital and the viability of product commercialization.

 

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

 

We are a passive foreign investment company under U.S. tax law, which has adverse tax consequences for our U.S. Shareholders.

 

We have determined that we are currently a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, under U.S. tax law and likely will continue to be a PFIC at least until we develop a source of significant operating revenues. As a result, there are adverse tax consequences to U.S. holders of shares of our common stock. A number of mitigating elections may be available to U.S. holders. Absent one of these elections, a U.S. holder whose holding period for our shares includes a period during which we are classified as a PFIC generally will be required to treat certain excess distributions with respect to our shares and gains realized on the disposition of our shares as ordinary income earned ratably over the holder’s holding period and will be subject to a special tax and interest charge on amounts treated as earned in the periods in which we are a PFIC. In addition, the holder’s shares will not receive a “stepped-up” basis upon a transfer at death. These PFIC tax rules will not apply if a U.S. holder makes an election for the first taxable year of the holder’s holding period to be taxed currently on the holder’s pro rata share of our ordinary earnings and net capital gain for any year we are a PFIC. Alternatively, a U.S. holder may avoid the special tax and interest charge on excess distributions and gains by making an election to mark the shares to market annually during any period in which we are a PFIC and our shares are treated as marketable shares. If a mark-to-market election is made, amounts included in or deducted from income pursuant to the election and actual gains and losses realized upon disposition generally will be treated as ordinary gains or losses. Whether or not an applicable election is made, if we are classified as a PFIC for the taxable year in which a dividend is paid, or for the preceding taxable year, a dividend paid to a non-corporate U.S. holder will not qualify for the reduced long-term capital gains rates. See Item 10.E. “Taxation—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules.”

 

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The market price of our common stock is highly volatile and could cause the value of your investment to significantly decline.

 

Historically, the market price of our common stock has been highly volatile and the market for our common stock has from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations, some of which are unrelated to our operating performance. From July 1, 2002 to February 28, 2005, the trading price of our stock has fluctuated from a high closing price of $0.79 per share to a low closing price of $0.30 per share on the Toronto Stock Exchange, and from a high closing price of US$0.44 per share to a low closing price of $0.29 per share for the period from November 12, 2004 to February 28, 2005 on the American Stock Exchange. Historically, our common stock has had a low trading volume, and likely will continue to have a low trading volume in the future. This low volume may contribute to the volatility of the market price of our common stock. It is likely that the market price of our common stock will continue to fluctuate significantly in the future.

 

NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This Transition Report on Form 20-F contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Words such as “may,” “except,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “could,” “estimate,” “continue,” “project,” “plan,” or other similar words are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements in this Transition Report include, but are not limited to, statements with respect to (i) our anticipated commencement dates, completion dates and results of clinical trials; (ii) goals and anticipated progress in and costs of our clinical trials and research and development and preclinical programs; (iii) our strategies and goals; (iv) our expected results of operations; (v) our anticipated levels of expenditures; (vi) our ability to protect our intellectual property; (vii) our efforts to obtain Orphan Drug, Fast Track and Priority Review Designations for certain product candidates and negotiate a CRADA with the NCI; (viii) the anticipated applications of our drug candidates; (ix) our efforts to pursue collaborations with other companies; (x) the nature and scope of potential markets; (xi) our liquidity; our anticipated sources and uses of liquidity; and (xii) our possible efforts to seek additional financings. We include forward-looking statements because we believe that it is important to communicate our expectations to our investors. However, all forward-looking statements are based on management’s present expectations of future events and are subject to a number of factors and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. There are many factors including those discussed above in Item 3.D., “Risk Factors,” that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are based upon reasonable assumptions, we can give no assurance that our expectations will be attained, and we caution you not to place undue reliance on such statements. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Transition Report and we undertake no duty to update or alter any such statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

 

ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

 

A. History and development of the Company

 

Our legal and commercial name is Adherex Technologies Inc. On September 3, 1996, our predecessor, Adherex Inc., was incorporated under the CBCA to develop and commercialize cell adhesion work that was initiated at McGill. On August 14, 1998, Adherex Technologies Inc. was incorporated under the CBCA and on September 11, 1998, it acquired all of the shares of Adherex Inc. On April 30, 2001, Adherex Technologies Inc. amalgamated with its wholly owned subsidiary, Adherex Inc., to form the Company. On December 19, 2003, the Company acquired 50 percent of 2037357 Ontario Inc., an Ontario corporation, which performed specific research and development activity for the Company in Ontario. In June 2004, 2037357 Ontario Inc. became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and continued its existence under the CBCA as Adherex Research Corp. On June 29, 2004, Adherex amalgamated with Adherex Research Corp. to continue as Adherex Technologies Inc. We have two wholly-owned Delaware subsidiaries, Oxiquant, Inc. and Adherex, Inc., and one wholly-owned Canadian subsidiary, Cadherin Biomedical Inc. Our registered office address is: Adherex Technologies Inc., c/o LaBarge Weinstein LLP, 515 Legget Drive, Suite 800, Kanata, Ontario K2K 3G4; Telephone: (613) 599-9600; Facsimile: (613) 599-0018.

 

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Our U.S. offices are at 2300 Englert Drive, Suite G, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27713; Telephone: (919) 484-8484; Facsimile: (919) 484-8001.

 

Important corporate events in the development of our business during the six-months ended December 31, 2004 include the following (all amounts are in Canadian dollars, unless otherwise stated):

 

    On December 3, 2004, we completed the acquisition of CBI. Pursuant to the terms of the amalgamation, we issued to CBI shareholders approximately 3.2 million shares of Adherex common stock in exchange for all of the issued and outstanding stock of CBI, or approximately 0.069 shares of Adherex common stock for each share of CBI preferred stock outstanding (subject to any claims made against the 500,000 shares of Adherex stock being held in escrow).

 

We have not been involved in any bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings. We may consider from time to time potential acquisitions, dispositions, joint ventures, collaborations and other strategic transactions.

 

For information concerning our capital expenditures and divestitures and further information concerning our methods of financing, see Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.”

 

B. Business overview

 

Company Overview

 

We are a biopharmaceutical company dedicated to the discovery and development of novel cancer therapeutics using an innovative cadherin-based biotechnology platform and specialty pharmaceuticals. We have four product candidates in the clinical stage of development:

 

    ADH-1 (ExherinTM), a molecularly-targeted compound directed against N-cadherin, a protein that plays a major role in holding together and stabilizing the cells that make up blood vessels and certain tumor cells. In some animal models, ADH-1 has caused leakage and a reduction in the supply of blood in some cases to a tumor within 30 minutes of administration, with subsequent death of cancer cells. In our Phase I clinical trial, ADH-1 has been generally well tolerated and has shown evidence of anti-tumor activity in three patients. Our studies are, however, at an early stage of development and future study results may differ. We are currently concluding the Phase I trial, conducting one Phase Ib/II trial in Europe with a second Phase Ib/II trial scheduled to commence in the U.S. in the near term, and planning a Phase II program, the first trial of which we expect to commence in Canada in the second quarter of 2005.

 

    STS, a chemoprotectant which has been shown in Phase I and Phase II clinical studies conducted by investigators at OHSU to reduce the disabling loss of hearing in patients, particularly children, treated with platinum-based anticancer agents.

 

    NAC, a chemoprotectant that is currently the subject of ongoing Phase I investigation at OHSU under an investigator IND on the use of NAC as a bone marrow protectant in the context of platinum-based chemotherapy.

 

    Mesna, a chemoenhancer, a compound that has displayed anticancer activity in laboratory studies conducted by investigators at Rutgers and in a Phase I clinical study in Argentina by reducing the resistance of cancer cells to certain chemotherapeutic agents.

 

We also have several preclinical product candidates targeted to enter clinical development over the next several years. Our drug discovery and development efforts are supported by 39 issued U.S. patents and over 80 pending patents worldwide that we own or have licensed.

 

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Our Clinical Product Candidates

 

ADH-1

 

ADH-1 is a small peptide molecule that was developed by rational drug design and which selectively targets N-cadherin present on certain tumor cells and the blood vessels which supply blood to the tumor. Pursuant to a general collaboration agreement, McGill has granted us an exclusive worldwide license to certain intellectual property rights relating to ADH-1 and certain uses thereof. N-cadherin is found throughout the body and, like other cadherins, is important in cell-to-cell binding and in maintaining the structural integrity of cells. ADH-1 appears to inhibit the binding of the N-cadherin protein molecules to each other. Within tumors, the N-cadherin protein can be found on the tumor cells themselves and on blood vessels which supply the tumor. Therefore, N-cadherin is a single target and antagonizing N-cadherin with ADH-1 could have a dual effect, both on the tumor cells themselves and the tumor blood vessels. In our Phase I studies, radiologic changes consistent with areas of cell death (either by apoptosis or necrosis) have been seen following administration of ADH-1. To this point ADH-1 has not been shown to significantly adversely impact normal healthy cells within the body. Our studies are, however, at an early stage of development and future study results may differ. Our preclinical studies on animal models have demonstrated that in some cases within 30 minutes after ADH-1 administration there is a leakage of blood from tumor vessels into the substance of the tumor and a reduction in tumor blood supply, and either directly or indirectly, anti-tumor activity which leads in some cases to the death of cancer cells.

 

We commenced a Phase I clinical trial on ADH-1 in Canada at the Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre in late 2002, and in October 2004 we commenced another Phase I clinical trial site at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas. In this trial, ADH-1 has been generally well tolerated and has displayed anti-tumor activity in three patients with tumors expressing N-cadherin, or whose tumor N-cadherin status was unknown. No anti-tumor activity has been noted in patients whose tumors did not express N-cadherin. We expect to complete enrollment in this Phase I trial in April 2005. In January 2005, we initiated a Phase Ib/II trial in Europe, with sites in Switzerland and Italy, and expect to initiate a second Phase Ib/II trial in North America in the near term. These trials are intended to assess the effects of different dosing schedules of ADH-1 on tumor size reduction, toxicity, pharmacodynamics and pharmocokinetics in the context of a limited intra-patient dose escalation in up to an aggregate of approximately 80 patients whose tumors are N-cadherin positive, and will selectively use dynamic MRI scanning to attempt to assess the timing, magnitude and effect of the drug on tumor vasculature. Pharmacodynamics refers to the effect a drug has on its target, and pharmacokinetics refers to the way a drug is distributed, metabolized and excreted from the body after dosing. In the second quarter of 2005, we plan to initiate a Phase II study in Canada using ADH-1 as a single agent in multiple N-cadherin positive tumor types with an every three week dosing schedule. This trial will be the first in a planned Phase II program in which we expect to enroll approximately 200 or more patients with N-cadherin positive tumors, with the objective of identifying the tumor types most appropriate for future Phase III trials and to estimate the response frequency. We anticipate that these Phase Ib/II and Phase II trials will provide the safety information and estimates of the expected range of therapeutic effectiveness that are a pre-requisite to the design and conduct of prospective randomized pivotal Phase III trials, which are required for submission of an NDA to the FDA in the United States or an NDS in Canada. Based on positive data from the Phase Ib/II and Phase II clinical program, we could potentially initiate Phase III clinical trials as early as 2006. We can provide no assurance that we will commence or complete these planned clinical trials on schedule, or at all, or that the results and data will be positive or consistent, provide the necessary results to design and conduct pivotal Phase III clinical trials, or support the filing of an NDA or NDS. Failure is common and can occur at any stage of development.

 

STS

 

STS is currently approved by the FDA for use in humans as part of a treatment for cyanide poisoning. We have licensed from OHSU certain intellectual property rights directed to the use of STS as a chemoprotectant, and we intend to develop STS as a protectant against hearing loss and more specifically, the hearing loss caused by platinum-based anti-cancer agents. To support its development, we are also

 

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pursuing novel formulations, branding strategies and Orphan Drug Designation for STS. Orphan Drug Designation is a category created by the FDA to offer incentives to develop and market drugs for diseases that occur rarely or where there is no hope for recovery of development costs. Orphan Drug Designation gives the recipient specific financial incentives and seven years of market exclusivity upon FDA approval. Preclinical studies conducted by OHSU and others on a number of agents indicated that STS effectively reduced the incidence of hearing loss caused by platinum-based anti-cancer agents.

 

Hearing loss among children receiving platinum-based chemotherapy is frequent, often permanent and severely disabling. The incidence of hearing loss in these children depends upon the dose and duration of chemotherapy, and many of these children require lifelong hearing aids. There is currently no established preventive agent for this hearing loss and only expensive, technically difficult and sub-optimal cochlear (inner ear) implants have been shown to provide some relief. In addition, adults undergoing chemotherapy for several common malignancies, including ovarian cancer, testicular cancer, and particularly head and neck cancer and brain cancer, receive intensive platinum-based therapy and also may experience severe, irreversible hearing loss, particularly in the high frequencies.

 

Investigators at OHSU and elsewhere have conducted Phase I and Phase II studies with STS that have shown that STS substantially reduces the hearing loss associated with platinum-based chemotherapy. In one study at OHSU, the need for hearing aids to correct high frequency hearing loss was reduced from about 50% to less than 5%. We expect to continue the development of STS as a hearing loss protectant for children undergoing platinum-based chemotherapy by initiating a prospective, randomized Phase III clinical trial in 2005 if we are able to obtain the assistance of the Children’s Oncology Group. We have received Orphan Drug Designation in the United States for the use of STS in the prevention of platinum-induced ototoxicity (hearing loss associated with platinum-based chemotherapy) in pediatric patients, and we intend to pursue Fast Track and Priority Review Designations in the United States. We may also seek Orphan Drug Designation in the United States for the use of STS in the prevention of platinum-based ototoxicity in adult patients with head and neck cancer, and we are planning a randomized Phase III clinical trial that we plan to commence only if we obtain Orphan Drug Designation for adults. We may also seek further Orphan Drug Designations for prevention of platinum-induced ototoxicity in pediatric and adult cancer patients in Europe. Our product development efforts will potentially involve novel formulations as well as novel timing approaches of STS in relationship to the administration of platinum-based chemotherapy agents. We can provide no assurance that we will commence or complete these planned clinical trials on schedule, or at all, or that the results and data will be consistent or support the filing of an NDA. Failure is common and can occur at any stage of development.

 

NAC

 

We are evaluating NAC as a bone marrow protectant to be used to prevent bone marrow toxicity (low white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets) caused by certain cancer drugs. These side effects can limit the use of the agents for the treatment of cancer. A severe decrease in platelet count has been reported in some studies to occur in approximately 20% of patients undergoing chemotherapy for certain types of cancer. Platelets are critical in the maintenance of normal blood clotting function and their loss can have a range of consequences from minor manifestations such as bruising to life-threatening hemorrhages. A severe decrease in white blood cells, and specifically a type of cell called a neutrophil, can increase the risk of severe infections for patients receiving chemotherapy. A severe decrease in red blood cells, or anemia, can affect a patient’s quality of life and outcome. Currently, the most commonly used therapeutic approach to platelet loss is the use of platelet transfusions, which are expensive and have complications and risks associated with blood transfusions.

 

We have licensed certain intellectual property rights from OHSU that support the use of NAC for various indications, including preventative therapy against the bone marrow toxicity caused by certain chemotherapy agents. NAC is the subject of ongoing Phase I investigation at OHSU under an investigator IND on the use of NAC as a bone marrow protectant in the context of platinum-based chemotherapy. Upon the completion of this study, we will re-evaluate the market potential of NAC for this and other indications.

 

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Mesna

 

Preclinical research conducted at Rutgers has identified Mesna as a potential method to alter a cancer’s resistance to chemotherapy. In addition to intolerable side effects that limit the administration of effective treatments, the development of resistance to anticancer therapy is one of the most common causes for the failure to cure most cancers. Investigators at Rutgers have found that rapid changes in the oxygen reduction potential, or redox state, of cancer cells through exposure to chemotherapy and radiation therapy cause the cancer cells to develop resistance to further therapy. The research has shown that certain agents, including Mesna, which stabilize the redox state of the cells, can reduce the development of cancer cell resistance by reducing the anticancer therapy-induced changes in the redox state, and thus enhance chemotherapeutic effectiveness. We have licensed worldwide intellectual property rights from Rutgers for certain methods of using Mesna and other agents as chemoenhancers by preventing changes in the redox state of cancer cells. Investigators in Argentina, independently from the Company, have completed a Phase I trial for this indication on Mesna. We continue to evaluate Mesna but believe it is necessary to repeat the findings of the Argentina clinical trial prior to further developing this product candidate.

 

Preclinical Pipeline

 

Our product candidates are in the early stages of clinical development, so we strive to maintain a robust preclinical program to hedge against unavoidable development risks. In considering our product candidates, it is important to remember we are subject to the risks of failure that are inherent in the development of products and therapeutic procedures based on innovative technologies as described in Item 3.D., “Risk Factors.”

 

We have a strong preclinical pipeline that includes backup peptides and small chemical molecule successors to ADH-1, peptides that combine both angiolytic and antiangiogenic properties and molecules targeted to inhibiting the metastatic spread of some cancers. We and our collaborators are conducting preclinical studies on several of these molecules in order to select the best candidate to move into clinical trials. We have developed a wide range of peptide antagonists for an array of different cadherin molecules, and a selection of these drug candidates are the subject of preclinical investigations by the NCI. The results of these studies, together with studies that we are directly conducting, will be used to select other drug candidates to move into clinical development, particularly in the following three areas:

 

VE-cadherin. Like N-cadherin, VE-cadherin is important in the structural integrity of certain tumor blood vessels. We have designed peptide VE-cadherin antagonists that are under investigation as vascular targeting agents in cancer. We believe that the development of VE-cadherin antagonists may be synergistic with the N-cadherin antagonist, ADH-1, and therefore expand the Company’s development opportunities. Some tumors may express N-cadherin, for example, and be responsive to ADH-1; while other cancers may express VE-cadherin and be responsive to VE-cadherin antagonists. The use of VE-cadherin antagonists, either alone or in combination with ADH-1, may be more effective than ADH-1 alone. Few, if any, cancer therapies are universally useful in cancer patients, and the same will likely be true for cadherin-based drugs. We expect that there may be specific cancer situations in which either ADH-1 or a VE-cadherin antagonist candidate used alone would make a very positive medical contribution; and in other cancer situations, the two agents used together may be therapeutically complementary or synergistic. We intend to initiate clinical testing on VE-cadherin antagonists as early as 2006.

 

OB-cadherins. Another family of cadherins, OB-cadherins, is reported to be involved through several mechanisms in the metastatic spread of certain cancers to body sites distant from the original tumor. Metastatic disease is a major determinant of a patient’s survival and quality-of-life. We are developing OB-cadherin antagonists designed to reduce or slow down the metastatic spread of tumors, such as breast and prostate cancers, and such agents are now in preclinical testing.

 

Small molecule cadherin antagonists. We have identified a series of small chemical molecules that, in our preliminary studies, have displayed potent angiolytic activity. Unlike ADH-1, these

 

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molecules are not peptides but are smaller and simpler in structure. Small chemical molecules are often more stable and have different potency and toxicity profiles than peptides. We are developing small molecule peptidomimetics (compounds that mimic the biological action of peptides) of N-cadherin as an approach to modifying the effectiveness, specificity and toxicity profile of N-cadherin antagonism. We intend to initiate clinical testing on these small molecule cadherin antagonists as early as 2006.

 

These agents are currently only at the preclinical stage of development. In addition to our own development efforts, we intend to pursue collaborations with pharmaceutical partners in the next few years with respect to the most promising agents.

 

In addition to our collaborations, we have also received approval from the Drug Development Group (“DDG”) of the NCI’s Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis for a Level III collaboration for the clinical development of the Company’s lead biotechnology compound ADH-1. As part of the collaboration, we expect that the NCI’s Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program and Developmental Therapeutics Program will negotiate a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (“CRADA”) to sponsor clinical trials and additional preclinical studies of ADH-1 to further evaluate its anticancer and vascular targeting effects as a single agent and in combination with other agents in patients with advanced resistant cancers that express the molecular marker N-cadherin. We have also entered into a standard form screening agreement with the NCI, under which NCI screens and tests compounds supplied by us from our preclinical pipeline for anti-cancer qualities useful to cancer chemotherapy at no cost to us. The NCI is currently examining a selection of over 30 Adherex compounds in preclinical anti-cancer assays and tumor models. Adherex has designed and synthesized a wide range of antagonists to a number of different cadherin molecules and a representative array of these antagonists have been included for testing at NCI. The NCI has no obligation to execute the CRADA to sponsor clinical trials and additional preclinical studies of ADH-1 or to continue to perform screening work for us and may terminate the screening agreement at any time, as may we. In the event that we or NCI terminate the screening agreement, we may fund the screening of some or all of the compounds currently being tested by the NCI or seek a corporate partner to conduct the screening work for us, which would result in increased costs for us.

 

Intellectual Property

 

Our policy is to seek patent protection in the United States, major European countries, Japan, Canada and other jurisdictions as appropriate for our compounds and methods. Our cadherin-based patent portfolio currently includes patents with respect to our unique composition of matter, broad claims with respect to cell adhesion, specific claims for use of these compounds in various diseases and the pharmaceutical formulation of these compounds. We have also sought patent protection with respect to alternate “sites” of cell adhesion activity as well as related compounds, screening methods and antibodies. With respect to the intellectual property licensed from OHSU and Rutgers, we also work closely with the institutions involved to further strengthen and expand our worldwide patent protection for those products.

 

Currently, we own or have licensed 39 issued and over 80 pending patents worldwide.

 

Our success is significantly dependent on our ability to obtain patent protection for our product candidates, both in the United States and abroad. The patent position of biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, in general, is highly uncertain and involves complex legal and factual questions, which often results in apparent inconsistency regarding the breadth of claims allowed and general uncertainty as to their legal interpretation and enforceability. Further, some of our principal candidates to date, including STS, NAC and Mesna, have been based on previously known compounds, and we anticipate that any candidates or products we develop in the future may include or be based on the same or other compounds owned or produced by other parties, and some or all may not be subject to effective patent protection. Also, the regimens that we may develop for the administration of pharmaceuticals, such as specifications for the frequency, timing and amount of dosages, may not be patentable. Accordingly, our patent applications may not result in patents being issued and issued patents may not afford competitive protection. Also, products or processes that we develop may turn out to be covered by third party patents, in which case we may need a license under such patents if we intend to continue the development of those products or processes. Any legal actions against us on the basis of a third party patent could turn out to be costly.

 

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Corporate Relationships

 

General Collaboration Agreement with McGill University

 

In February 2001, we entered into a general collaboration agreement with McGill. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, McGill granted us a 27-year exclusive worldwide license to develop, use and market certain cell adhesion technology and compounds. In particular, McGill granted us an exclusive worldwide license to U.S. Patent 6,031,072 covering specific compounds including ADH-1 (composition of matter), U.S. Patent 6,551,994 covering alpha-catenin and beta-catenin inhibiting compounds, international filings under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), continuations and certain other patents and patent applications.

 

In consideration, we issued 2,542,084 shares of our common stock to McGill. We also agreed to pay to McGill future royalties of 2% of any gross revenues from the use of the compounds. In addition, should we fail to meet certain development milestones, we are required to make the following payments in order to maintain the license: (i) $100,000, if we had not filed an IND application, or a similar application with Canadian, U.S., European or other recognized agency relating to a licensed product prior to September 23, 2002; (ii) $100,000, if we had not commenced Phase II clinical trials in a recognized jurisdiction on any licensed product prior to September 23, 2004; and (iii) $200,000 if we have not commenced Phase III clinical trials in a recognized jurisdiction on any licensed product prior to September 23, 2006. On August 1, 2002, McGill acknowledged that work completed on the clinical development of ADH-1 was sufficient to meet the requirements of the September 23, 2002 milestone. On September 20, 2004, we received notification from McGill acknowledging that we had met our obligations under the agreement with respect to the September 23, 2004 milestone.

 

In addition, we agreed to fund certain mutually agreed upon research at McGill over a period of 10 years totaling $3.3 million. Annual funding commenced in 2001, the first year of the agreement, with a total of $200,000, and increases annually by 10% through 2010, when the required annual funding reaches $660,000. This research commitment can be deferred in any year if it would exceed 5% of our cash and cash equivalents. To date, there have been no deferrals and we have paid out approximately $657,000 in research funding to McGill pursuant to this agreement and other research related payments. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, we are entitled to certain intellectual property rights that result from this research.

 

The term of the collaboration agreement expires on September 23, 2028, unless earlier terminated by operation of law or as provided in the agreement. The agreement is terminable by either Adherex or McGill in the event of an uncured breach by either party after 60 days prior written notice. We also have the right to terminate the agreement at any time after September 2006 upon 60 days prior written notice to McGill.

 

Exclusive License Agreement with Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

 

In November 2002, we acquired an exclusive license agreement with Rutgers through our acquisition of Oxiquant, which had entered into the license agreement with Rutgers in April 2001. Pursuant to the license agreement, Rutgers granted us worldwide license rights to “Novel Redox Clamping Agents and Uses Thereof” (U.S. Provisional Patent Application Number 60/120,128, U.S. Patent Application Number 10/228,644, international filings under the PCT, continuations and certain other patent applications).

 

In consideration, Rutgers was issued 500,000 shares of common stock of Oxiquant, which were subsequently converted upon our acquisition of Oxiquant into 3,821,320 shares of our common stock and warrants to purchase 219,495 shares of our common stock at $0.717 per share until May 20, 2007. In addition, we are required to make the following payments upon the achievement of certain milestones achieved in connection with the subject matter of the agreement: (i) US$25,000 upon completion of the first clinical trial performed in compliance with FDA or corresponding foreign health authority requirements, in a small number of patients to determine the metabolism and pharmacological actions of doses, (ii) US$50,000 upon commencement of the first Phase III clinical trial or equivalent, (iii) US$100,000 upon receipt of market approval in the first major market country, (iv) US$200,000 upon receipt of market approval in the second major market country, and (v) US$300,000 on receipt of market

 

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approval in the third major market country. We agreed to pay an annual license maintenance fee on each anniversary of the agreement, starting at US$5,000 in 2002 and increasing by US$5,000 on each subsequent anniversary through the fifth anniversary. After completion of the fifth anniversary, and on each subsequent anniversary, the annual license maintenance fee shall be US$50,000, but is creditable against royalties (with some restrictions). Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, we also agreed to pay to Rutgers a 4% running royalty on net sales for any licensed products semiannually, and a 20% non-running royalty on any consideration received from sublicensing or transferring of the licensed technology. Through December 31, 2004, we have paid license maintenance fees totaling US$25,000 under this agreement.

 

The term of our license agreement expires on the last date of expiration of claims covered in the patents licensed to us in each country in the world in which Rutgers has intellectual property rights covered by the license, unless earlier terminated by operation of law or as provided in the agreement. The agreement is terminable by either Adherex or Rutgers in the event of an uncured breach by either party after 60 days prior written notice. We also have the right to terminate the agreement at any time upon 90 days prior written notice to Rutgers.

 

License Agreement with Oregon Health & Science University

 

In November 2002, we acquired an exclusive license agreement with OHSU through our acquisition of Oxiquant, which had entered into the license agreement with OHSU in September 2002. Pursuant to the license agreement, OHSU granted us exclusive worldwide license rights to intellectual property surrounding work done by Dr. Edward Neuwelt with respect to thiol-based compounds and their use in oncology. In consideration, OHSU was issued 250,250 shares of common stock of Oxiquant which were subsequently converted upon the acquisition of Oxiquant into 1,912,571 shares of our common stock and warrants to purchase 109,857 shares of our common stock at $0.717 per share until May 20, 2007. We are required to make the following payments upon the achievement of certain milestones achieved in connection with the subject matter of the agreement: (i) US$50,000 upon completion of Phase I clinical trials, (ii) US$200,000 upon completion of Phase II clinical trials, (iii) US$500,000 upon completion of Phase III clinical trials and (iv) US$250,000 upon first commercial sale for any licensed product. We also agreed to pay OHSU a 2.5% royalty on net sales of any licensed products and a 15% royalty on any sublicensing of the licensed technology.

 

The term of our license agreement expires on the last date of expiration of claims covered in the patents licensed to us, unless earlier terminated as provided in the agreement. The agreement is terminable by OHSU in the event of a material breach of the agreement by us or our sublicensees after 60 days prior written notice from OHSU. We have the right to terminate the agreement at any time upon 60 days prior written notice and paying all fees due to OHSU under the agreement.

 

License Agreement with Cadherin Biomedical Inc.

 

In September 2002, CBI was incorporated as a wholly owned subsidiary of Adherex. We granted CBI an exclusive worldwide, royalty-free license to develop, market and distribute pharmaceuticals and therapeutics for non-cancer applications based on or derived from our platform cadherin technology owned or licensed under our collaboration agreement with McGill and paid to CBI $250,000 in cash, in exchange for 40,163,985 Class A Preferred Shares of CBI. We distributed the Class A Preferred Shares of CBI to our shareholders, after which our shareholders held all of the issued and outstanding shares of CBI. The divestiture of our non-cancer assets was a condition precedent to our acquisition of Oxiquant. CBI was not granted any rights to, and was contractually prohibited from, developing any applications relating to the treatment of cancer. The term of the license agreement coincided with the life of our patents that are the subject of the license.

 

In July 2004, we entered into a non-binding letter of intent to acquire all of the issued and outstanding shares of CBI through an amalgamation of CBI with a wholly-owned subsidiary of Adherex formed for this purpose. On December 3, 2004, we completed the acquisition of CBI. Pursuant to the terms of the amalgamation, the Company issued to CBI shareholders approximately 3.2 million shares of Adherex common stock valued at $1.5 million based on a 20-day weighted average trading price. The shares were issued in exchange for all of the issued and outstanding shares of CBI, or approximately 0.069

 

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shares of Adherex common stock for each share of CBI preferred stock outstanding (subject to any claims made against the 500,000 shares of Adherex stock to being held in escrow). The amalgamation provided Adherex with the rights to the non-cancer applications relating to the cadherin technology and served to settle outstanding litigation between Adherex and CBI.

 

Competition

 

Competition in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries is intense and characterized by the rapid advance of technology. We expect that if any of our product candidates gain regulatory approval for sale, they will compete on the basis of drug efficacy, safety, patient convenience, reliability, ease of manufacture, price, marketing, distribution and patent protection. Our competitors may develop technologies and drugs that are more effective, safer or more affordable than any we may develop.

 

There are a number of different approaches to the development of therapeutics for the treatment of cancer that are currently being used and studied in medicine. These approaches include: (i) surgery to excise the cancerous tissue; (ii) radiation therapy, which attacks cancerous cells but does not easily distinguish between healthy and diseased cells; (iii) chemotherapy, which works by preventing a cancerous cell from dividing or by killing cells that divide; (iv) immunotherapy which stimulates the body’s immune system to respond to the disease; and (v) hormone therapy, which may slow the growth of cancer cells or even kill them.

 

We are aware of a number of companies engaged in the research, development and testing of new cancer therapies or means of increasing the effectiveness of existing therapies, including, among many others, OXiGENE, Inc., Sanofi-Aventis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pfizer, Inc., AstraZeneca PLC, Amgen, Inc., Genentech, Inc., NeoPharm, Inc., Bayer AG, EntreMed Inc., Johnson & Johnson, Merck & Co., Inc., Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Antisoma PLC, Abbott Laboratories, Inc. and Novartis AG. Some of these companies have products that have already received, or are in the process of receiving, regulatory approval or are in later stages of clinical trials. Many of them have greater financial resources than we do. Many of these companies have marketed drugs or are developing targeted cancer therapeutics, and depending upon the mechanism of action of the agents, could be viewed as competitors. However, we are not aware of any other N-cadherin targeted compound in clinical trials. Since cancer treatment often consists of using different drug combinations, it is possible that agents that are marketed (eg., Taxotere or Avastin) or investigational could be combined with ADH-1 (after achievement of applicable regulatory requirements) in an effort to improve the efficacy in comparison to the agents used alone. Thus, while a drug with a similar mechanism of action, or with anti-tumor activity in a disease where ADH-1 is also active, could be viewed as a potential competitor when both drugs are used alone, the combination could prove to be superior to the current standard of care.

 

We are aware of at least three companies, AstraZeneca, Aventis and OXiGENE, which are clinically developing cancer angiolytics. Their product candidates are tubulin depolymerizing agents. When administered they destroy the scaffold-like structure that supports the lining cells (endothelial cells) of blood vessels, causing the endothelial cells to round, cutting off blood flow through the blood vessel. They thus cut off a tumor’s blood supply and lead to tumor cell death. Some other angiolytic agents are in preclinical development, including antibodies to tumor blood vessel wall components and agents linked with liposomal cytotoxic agents, but little information about these agents is publicly available at this time. These competing angiolytics work in a very different way than ADH-1 and, to our knowledge, we are the only company approaching tumor angiolysis from the perspective of peptide inhibitor-based cadherin antagonism, or the disruption of tumor blood vessels by inhibiting the proteins that hold the blood vessels together. Tumor angiolysis is an emerging field, and our competitors’ tubulin depolymerizing agents, like our drug candidates, are in early stages of clinical development. To our knowledge, no angiolytic products have completed Phase II and/or entered Phase III development to date. Accordingly, it is premature to speculate on the potential advantages and disadvantages of different angiolytic agents because the efficacy and tolerability profiles of these agents are not yet available in the public domain. However, our competitors may achieve regulatory approval for their drug candidates sooner than we do, and their drugs may be more competitive than ours.

 

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Anti-angiogenic compounds, which aim to prevent the growth of new tumor vessels, may compete with angiolytic compounds like ADH-1, but they may also be complementary. It may be useful to consider the use of anti-angiogenic agents in sequential therapy with angiolytic agents as a way to initially destroy existing tumor vessels and subsequently prevent new tumor blood vessel growth.

 

Programmed cell death or apoptosis has a critical role in the maintenance of healthy tissues. It is being increasingly recognized that defects in apoptotic mechanisms and pathways commonly occur to allow cancer cells to survive, flourish and accumulate – in fact the defects in the apoptotic pathways are fundamental properties of cancer biology. In recent years, the molecular underpinning of apoptosis pathways has received considerable attention and provides another opportunity for potential therapeutic intervention by inducing apoptosis in tumor cells. Many such apoptosis inducers are in preclinical and clinical in development as oncology therapeutics candidates with companies that include Sanofi-Aventis, Abbott Laboratories, Inc., Novartis AG, Pfizer, Inc., and Merck & Co., Inc.

 

We are not aware of any commercially available agents that reduce the incidence of hearing loss associated with the use of platinum-based anti-cancer agents, for which purpose we are attempting to develop STS. We are aware of one company, Sound Pharmaceuticals, Inc., that is developing agents for noise and age related hearing loss. We are also aware of research relating to the use of high doses of amifostine (a drug used to control some of the side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy) for the protection of hearing in connection with platinum-based chemotherapy. Cochlear implants, which are small electronic devices that are surgically placed in the inner ear to assist with certain types of deafness, are utilized to offer some relief, and other companies may seek to develop such agents in the future.

 

We are developing NAC as a bone marrow protectant to be used to prevent bone marrow toxicity (low white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets) caused by certain cancer drugs. There are, however, drugs approved or in clinical development for the prevention or treatment of thrombocytopenia (low platelet count caused by various anti-cancer therapies), including Wyeth’s Neumega and Amgen Inc.’s AMG 531. Platelet transfusions are also a common practice, and other companies may attempt to develop platelet protectants in the future to decrease the need for platelet transfusions. There are drugs that are approved for the treatment of a low neutrophil count, including Amgen Inc.’s Neumega and Neulasta. Approved drugs used for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced anemia include Ortho Biotech’s Procrit and Amgen Inc.’s Aranesp.

 

Many chemotherapeutic agents are currently available and numerous others are being developed. Any chemotherapeutic products that we are able to develop with Mesna may not be able to compete effectively with existing or future chemotherapeutic agents. However, cancer as a disease is not controlled by any one anti-cancer agent, and there is typically a need for several agents at any one time and over time different regimens and cocktails of agents are used.

 

Many of our existing or potential competitors have substantially greater financial, technical and human resources than we do and may be better equipped to develop, manufacture and market products. In addition, many of these competitors have extensive experience with preclinical testing and human clinical trials and in obtaining regulatory approvals. Also, many of the smaller companies that compete with us have formed collaborative relationships with large, established companies to support the research, development, clinical trials and commercialization of any products that they may develop. To date, we have not entered into any such commercialization collaborations. We may rely on third parties to commercialize any products we develop, and our success will depend in large part on the efforts and competitive merit of these collaborative partners. Academic institutions, government agencies and other public and private research organizations may also conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangements for research, clinical development and marketing of products similar to those we seek to develop. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining qualified scientific and management personnel as well as in acquiring technologies complementary to our projects. The existence of competitive products, including products or treatments of which we are not aware, or products or treatments that may be developed in the future, may adversely affect the marketability of any products that we may develop.

 

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Government Regulation

 

The production and manufacture of our product candidates and research and development activities are subject to regulation for safety, efficacy and quality by various governmental authorities around the world.

 

In Canada, these activities are subject to regulation by Health Canada’s Therapeutic Products Directorate, or TPD, and the rules and regulations promulgated under the Food and Drug Act. In the United States, drugs and biological products are subject to regulation by the FDA. The FDA requires licensing of manufacturing and contract research facilities, carefully controlled research and testing of products, governmental review and/or approval of results prior to marketing therapeutic products. Additionally, the FDA requires adherence to “GLP” as well as “GCP” during clinical testing and “GMP” and adherence to labeling and supply controls. The systems of new drug approvals in Canada and the United States are substantially similar, and are generally considered to be among the most rigorous in the world.

 

Generally, the steps required for drug approval in Canada and the United States, specifically in cancer related therapies, include:

 

Preclinical Studies: Preclinical studies, also known as non-clinical studies, primarily involve evaluations of pharmacology, toxic effects and pharmacokinetics and metabolism of a drug in animals to provide evidence of the relative safety and bioavailability of the drug prior to its administration to humans in clinical studies. A typical program of preclinical studies takes 18 to 24 months to complete. The results of the preclinical studies as well as information related to the chemistry and comprehensive descriptions of proposed human clinical studies are then submitted as part of the IND application to the FDA, the CTA to the TPD, or similar submission to other foreign regulatory bodies. This is necessary (in Canada, the United States and most other countries) prior to undertaking clinical studies. Additional preclinical studies are conducted during clinical development to further characterize the toxic effects of a drug prior to submitting a marketing application.

 

Phase I Clinical Trials: Most Phase I clinical trials take approximately one year to complete and are usually conducted on a small number of healthy human subjects to evaluate the drug’s safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics. In some cases, such as cancer indications, Phase I clinical trials are conducted in patients rather than healthy volunteers.

 

Phase II Clinical Trials: Phase II clinical trials typically take one to two years to complete and are generally carried out on a relatively small number of patients (generally between 14 and 50 patients) in a specific setting of targeted disease or medical condition, in order to provide an estimate of the drug’s effectiveness in that specific setting. This phase also provides additional safety data and serves to identify possible common short-term side effects and risks in a somewhat larger group of patients. Phase II testing frequently relates to a specific disease, such as breast or lung cancer. Some contemporary methods of developing drugs, particularly molecularly targeted therapies, do not require broad testing in specific diseases, and instead permit testing in subsets of patients expressing the particular marker. In some cases, such as cancer indications, the company sponsoring the new drug may submit a marketing application to seek accelerated approval of the drug based on evidence of the drug’s effect on a “surrogate endpoint” from Phase II clinical trials. A surrogate endpoint is a laboratory finding or physical sign that may not be a direct measurement of how a patient feels, functions or survives, but is still considered likely to predict therapeutic benefit for the patient. If accelerated approval is received, the company sponsoring the new drug must continue testing to demonstrate that the drug indeed provides therapeutic benefit to the patient.

 

Phase III Clinical Trials: Phase III clinical trials typically take two to four, or even more years to complete and involve tests on a much larger population of patients suffering from the targeted condition or disease. These studies involve conducting controlled testing and/or uncontrolled testing in an expanded patient population (several hundred to several thousand patients) at separate test sites (multi-center trials) to establish clinical safety and effectiveness. These trials also generate

 

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information from which the overall benefit-risk relationship relating to the drug can be determined and provide a basis for drug labeling. Phase III trials are generally the most time consuming and expensive part of a clinical trial program. In some instances, governmental authorities (such as the FDA) will allow a single Phase III clinical trial to serve as a pivotal efficacy trial to support a Marketing Application.

 

Marketing Application: Upon completion of Phase III clinical trials, the pharmaceutical company sponsoring the new drug assembles all the chemistry, preclinical and clinical data and submits it to the TPD or the FDA as part of a New Drug Submission in Canada or a New Drug Application in the United States. The marketing application is then reviewed by the regulatory body for approval to market the product. The review process generally takes 12 to 18 months.

 

Any clinical trials that we conduct may not be successfully completed, either in a satisfactory time period or at all. The typical time periods described above may vary substantially and may be materially longer. Also, the FDA and its counterparts in other countries have considerable discretion to discontinue trials if they become aware of any significant safety issues or convincing evidence that a therapy is not effective for the indication being tested. Further, the FDA and its counterparts in other countries may not allow clinical trials to proceed at any time after receiving an IND, allow further clinical development phases after authorizing a previous phase or approve marketing of a drug after the completion of clinical trials.

 

While both European and U.S. regulatory systems require that medical products be safe, effective, and manufactured according to high quality standards, the drug approval process in Europe differs from that in the United States in certain ways and may require us to perform additional preclinical or clinical testing regardless of whether FDA approval has been obtained. The amount of time required to obtain necessary approvals may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA approval. European Union Regulations and Directives generally classify health care products either as medicinal products, medical devices or in vitro diagnostics. For medicinal products, marketing approval may be sought using either the centralized procedure of the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (“EMEA”) or the decentralized, mutual recognition process. The centralized procedure, which is mandatory for some biotechnology derived products, results in an approval recommendation from the EMEA to all member states, while the European Union mutual recognition process involves country by country approval.

 

C. Organizational structure

 

We carry on operations in Canada through our parent company, Adherex Technologies Inc., a wholly-owned Canadian subsidiary, Cadherin Biomedical Inc., and through two wholly-owned Delaware subsidiaries in the United States, Oxiquant, Inc. and Adherex, Inc.

 

D. Property, plant and equipment

 

We occupy approximately 7,600 square feet of laboratory and office space in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The current monthly lease payments are approximately $6,700. The lease expires in March 2010.

 

ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

 

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our December 31, 2004 audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes, which are prepared in accordance with Canadian GAAP. A reconciliation from Canadian GAAP to U.S. GAAP can be found in Item 18, “Financial Statements,” footnote 19. All references to “years,” unless otherwise noted, refer to our twelve-month fiscal year, which prior to July 1, 2004, ended on June 30. For example, a reference to “2004” or “fiscal year 2004” means the twelve month period that ended on June 30, 2004. Unless otherwise indicated, all amounts are in Canadian dollars.

 

The following discussion contains forward-looking statements regarding our financial condition and the results of operations that are based upon our consolidated financial statements. We operate in a highly

 

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competitive environment that involves significant risks and uncertainties, some of which are outside of our control. We are subject to risks associated with the biopharmaceutical industry, including risks inherent in research, preclinical testing, manufacture of drug substance to support clinical studies, toxicology studies, clinical studies of our compounds, uncertainty of regulatory agencies, enforcement and protection of our patent portfolio, the need for future capital, potential competitors, the ability to attract collaborative partners, dependence on key personnel, and the ability to successfully market our drug compounds. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this registration statement, particularly under Item 3.D., “Risk Factors.”

 

Overview

 

We have not received any revenues to date and do not expect to have significant revenues until we either are able to sell our product candidates after obtaining applicable regulatory approvals or we establish collaborations that provide us with funding, such as licensing fees, milestone payments, royalties, upfront payments or otherwise. As of December 31, 2004, our deficit accumulated during development stage was $46.2 million.

 

Our operating expenses will depend on many factors, including the progress of our drug development efforts and the potential commercialization of our product candidates. Research and development (“R&D”) expenses, which include expenses associated with clinical development activities, manufacturing of drug substance, employee compensation, research contracts, toxicology studies and internal and outsourced laboratory activities, will be dependent on the results of our drug development efforts. General and administration (“G&A”) expenses will include expenses associated with headcount and facilities, recruitment of staff, insurance and other administrative matters associated with our facilities in the Research Triangle Park, NC (“RTP”) in support of our drug development programs. The amortization of acquired intellectual property rights relates to the intellectual property acquired through our acquisition of Oxiquant, Inc. (“Oxiquant”) in November 2002. Settlement of Cadherin Biomedical Inc. (“CBI”) litigation expense refers to our acquisition of CBI to reacquire the non-cancer intellectual property rights to the cadherin technology and to settle the lawsuit between CBI and Adherex.

 

We are a biopharmaceutical company with a focus on cancer therapeutics. We currently have four product candidates in the clinical stage of development:

 

    ADH-1 (Exherin) is a molecularly targeted anti-cancer drug currently in Phase I and Phase Ib/II clinical studies. ADH-1 is a small peptide that selectively targets N-cadherin, a protein that plays a major role in holding together and stabilizing the cells that make up blood vessels and certain tumor cells.

 

    Sodium Thiosulfate (“STS”) is a chemoprotectant which has been shown in Phase I and Phase II clinical studies conducted by investigators at Oregon Health & Science University (“OHSU”) to reduce the disabling loss of hearing in patients, including children, treated with platinum-based anti-cancer agents.

 

    N-Acetylcysteine (“NAC”) is a chemoprotectant that will be the subject of an ongoing Phase I clinical trial by investigators at OHSU for the prevention of bone marrow suppression resulting from certain chemotherapy regimens.

 

    Mesna is a chemoenhancer and compound that has displayed anticancer activity in preclinical laboratory studies conducted by investigators at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (“Rutgers”) and in a Phase I clinical study conducted by investigators in Argentina by reducing the resistance of cancer cells to certain chemotherapeutic agents.

 

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We also have several preclinical product candidates targeted to enter clinical development over the next several years. Our drug discovery and development efforts are supported by 39 issued United States (“U.S.”) patents and more than 80 pending patents worldwide that we either own or have exclusively licensed.

 

Management may in some cases be able to control the timing of expenses by accelerating or decelerating preclinical and clinical activities. Accordingly, we believe that period-to-period comparisons are not necessarily meaningful and should not be relied upon as a measure of future financial performance. Our actual results may differ materially from the expectations of investors and market analysts. In such an event, the prevailing market price of our common stock may be materially adversely affected.

 

Critical Accounting Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Canadian and U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. These estimates are based on assumptions and judgments that may be affected by commercial, economic and other factors. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

An accounting policy is considered to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, and if different estimates reasonably could have been used, or changes in the accounting estimates that are reasonably likely to occur periodically, could materially impact the financial statements. We believe that the assumptions, judgments and estimates involved in our accounting for acquired intellectual property rights could potentially have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. The following description of critical accounting policies, judgments and estimates should be read in conjunction with our December 31, 2004 consolidated financial statements.

 

Acquired Intellectual Property Rights

 

At December 31, 2004, our acquired intellectual property rights had a net book value of $24.6 million and relate to the intellectual property acquired in the acquisition of Oxiquant in November 2002. The intellectual property is currently being developed for therapies in the oncology field including, but not limited to, an otoprotectant for children undergoing platinum-based chemotherapy (STS), a bone marrow protectant for patients undergoing certain chemotherapy (NAC), and methods to alter a cancer’s resistance to certain chemotherapy (Mesna).

 

The intellectual property was recorded as an asset as required under Canadian GAAP, and is being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of ten years. We adopted the provisions of CICA 3063 “Impairment of Long-Lived Assets” and test the recoverability of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. We record an impairment loss in the period when it is determined that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. The impairment loss is calculated as the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the discounted cash flows from the asset. Changes in any of these management assumptions could have a material impact on the impairment of the assets.

 

Under U.S. GAAP, management has determined that the intellectual property is in-process research and development (“IPRD”), a concept which is not applicable under Canadian GAAP. IPRD is not capitalized under U.S. GAAP, but rather expensed at the time of acquisition. Consequently, the entire cost of the IPRD of $31.2 million associated with the Oxiquant acquisition is reflected as a reconciling item in the December 31, 2004 consolidated financial statements, footnote 19, U.S. Accounting Principles, which reconciles Canadian GAAP to U.S. GAAP.

 

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Change in Accounting Policy

 

Effective January 1, 2002, the Company adopted the recommendations of the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants (CICA) set out in Section 3870 “Stock-Based Compensation and Other Stock-Based Payments” (“CICA 3870”). Until January 1, 2004, this standard only required the expensing of the fair value of non-employee options, with note disclosure of the fair value and effect of employee and director options on the financial statements. For fiscal years beginning after January 1, 2004, the fair value of all options granted must be expensed in the Statement of Operations. Upon adopting this new standard, the Company elected to retroactively adjust retained earnings without restatement. On July 1, 2004, the Company increased the deficit by $2.1 million and increased contributed surplus by the same amount.

 

Financial Statement Presentation

 

The consolidated financial statements reflect the operations of Adherex Technologies Inc. and all of its subsidiaries (“Adherex” or the “Company”). Upon consolidation, all significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated.

 

On December 17, 2004, our board of directors approved a change in our fiscal year end from a twelve-month period ending June 30 to a twelve-month period ending December 31. As a requirement of this change, the results for the six-month period from July 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004 are reported as a separate transition period. Accordingly, management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations will: (i) compare the audited results of operations for the six months ended December 31, 2004 to the unaudited results of operations for the six months ended December 31, 2003; (ii) compare the audited results of operations for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2004 to the audited results of operations for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2003 and 2002; and (iii) discuss the Company’s liquidity and capital resources as of December 31, 2004.

 

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Results of Operations

 

(Canadian dollars)

 

The following table presents certain financial information for the six months ended December 31, 2004 and 2003 (000’s omitted):

 

     Six Months Ended,
December 31,


 
     2004

    2003

 
           (unaudited)  

Revenue

   $ —       $ —    

Operating expenses:

                

Research and development

     4,352       1,958  

General and administration

     3,333       1,477  

Amortization of acquired intellectual property rights

     1,560       1,560  
    


 


Loss from operations

     (9,245 )     (4,995 )

Settlement of Cadherin Biomedical Inc. litigation

     (1,622 )     —    

Interest income

     216       16  

Interest expense

     —         (444 )
    


 


Loss before income taxes

     (10,651 )     (5,423 )

Recovery of future income taxes

     570       570  
    


 


Net loss

   $ (10,081 )   $ (4,853 )
    


 


Net loss per share of common stock, basic and diluted

   $ (0.06 )   $ (0.06 )
    


 


Weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding, basic and diluted

     179,947       86,319  
    


 


 

Six Months Ended December 31, 2004 and 2003

 

Interest Income

 

Interest income for the six months ended December 31, 2004 was $0.2 million as compared to nil for the six months ended December 31, 2003. This increase is due to the interest earned on proceeds from the $21.6 million private placement completed in December 2003 (“December 2003 Private Placement”) and our “bought deal” in Canada completed in May 2004 and the concurrent private placement outside of Canada with aggregate gross proceeds totaling $12.4 million (“May 2004 Bought Deal”).

 

We have not generated any revenues to date. We do not expect to have significant revenues or income other than interest income until we either are able to sell our product candidates after obtaining applicable regulatory approvals or we establish collaborations that provide us with funding, such as licensing fees, royalties, milestone payments, upfront payments or otherwise.

 

Research and Development Expenses

 

R&D expenses for the six months ended December 31, 2004 totaled $4.4 million, as compared to $2.0 million for the six months ended December 31, 2003. We incurred approximately $3.2 million in ADH-1-related expenses (Exherin) during the six months ended December 31, 2004, as compared to $1.7 million for the same six month period for 2003. We also incurred approximately $0.5 million on other anti-cancer programs during the six months ended December 31, 2004, as compared to nil during the same six month period in 2003. Spending for our STS program was $0.3 million for the six months ended December 31, 2004 as compared to $0.2 million for the same period in 2003 which was primarily related to the manufacture of drug substance.

 

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The increased R&D spending for the six months ended December 31, 2004, as compared to the same six month period in 2003, was the result of additional funding associated with the December 2003 Private Placement and the May 2004 Bought Deal. During the six months ended December 31, 2004 we continued the ADH-1 Phase I study at the Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre and initiated a further Phase I study site at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, resulting in higher R&D expense as compared to the six months ended December 31, 2003. We also began activities in the preparation of our ADH-1 Phase Ib/II studies and Phase II studies, thereby increasing our R&D expenses as compared to the same six month period in 2003. The $0.3 million incurred on the development of STS related to the production of drug substance in preparation for pivotal studies which we expect to occur in the second half of 2005.

 

We expect our R&D expenses to increase in future quarters due to the expansion and advancement of our clinical and pre-clinical programs. In January 2005, we initiated a Phase Ib/II trial in Europe. We plan to commence another Phase Ib/II study for ADH-1 during the second quarter of 2005, including studies in the U.S. and Europe. We also have North American Phase II studies planned for ADH-1 which are expected to commence in the second quarter of 2005.

 

R&D expenses for the six month ended December 31, 2004 are net of $0.2 million related to provincial investment tax credits recoverable, as compared to $0.1 million for the same period in 2003.

 

General and Administration Expenses

 

G&A expenses totaled $3.3 million for six months ended December 31, 2004, as compared to $1.5 million for the six months ended December 31, 2003. Expenses for the six months ended December 31, 2004 consisted primarily of $1.0 million for employee related items and $0.8 million for professional fees.

 

The increase was primarily a result of expenses associated with the establishment of our offices in the Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (“RTP”) and increased employee related expenditures as we continued to build our presence in the U.S. G&A expenses have also increased as a result of additional regulatory obligations due to our registration with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and the Company’s subsequent listing on the American Stock Exchange. While we expect G&A expenses to increase as we continue to build our corporate presence in the U.S. to support the advancement of our clinical development activities, we expect this growth rate to be significantly lower than the growth rate in R&D expenses.

 

Amortization of Acquired Intellectual Property Rights

 

The expense associated with the amortization of intellectual property rights was $1.6 million for the six months ended December 31, 2004 and 2003. The expense relates to the value of anti-cancer intellectual property acquired in the acquisition of Oxiquant in November 2002 that is being amortized on a straight-line basis over a 10-year period.

 

Settlement of CBI Litigation

 

On September 27, 2002, CBI was incorporated as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Adherex. CBI was granted an exclusive worldwide, royalty-free license to develop, market and distribute pharmaceuticals and therapeutics for non-cancer applications based on or derived from our platform cadherin owned or licensed under our collaboration agreement with McGill and was paid $0.3 million in cash, in exchange for 40.2 million Class A Preferred Shares of CBI, which constituted all of the issued and outstanding stock of CBI. We subsequently distributed all of the Class A Preferred Shares of CBI pro rata to Adherex shareholders of record at the time, after which Adherex shareholders held all of the issued and outstanding stock of CBI. This divestiture of our non-cancer assets was a condition precedent to our acquisition in November 2002 of Oxiquant, a U.S.-based development-stage pharmaceutical company with a focus in chemoprotection and chemoenhancement.

 

In December 2003, we signed a memorandum of agreement with CBI to purchase the license agreement between the companies and reacquire the non-cancer related cadherin-based intellectual property for common shares of Adherex, having a market value of $1.0 million, and the payment to CBI of certain ongoing royalties. The

 

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completion of the transaction contemplated by the memorandum of agreement was conditional upon CBI obtaining the approval of its shareholders, but such shareholder approval was neither sought nor obtained by CBI.

 

In February 2004, we filed a claim in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice against CBI in the amount of $0.1 million on account of unpaid goods and services rendered. In July 2004, CBI filed a statement of defense and counterclaim in response to such claim. CBI’s counterclaim sought $5.0 million in damages relating to the license agreement between the companies. In late July 2004, we entered into a non-binding letter of intent to acquire all of the issued and outstanding equity of CBI through an amalgamation of CBI with a wholly-owned subsidiary of Adherex to be incorporated under the Canada Business Corporations Act (“CBCA”) for this purpose. This letter of intent effectively replaced the memorandum of agreement entered into with CBI in December 2003.

 

On December 3, 2004, we completed the acquisition of CBI. The acquisition was approved by the shareholders of CBI at a special meeting held on November 29, 2004. Pursuant to the terms of the amalgamation, we issued to CBI shareholders approximately 3.2 million shares of Adherex common stock in exchange for all of the issued and outstanding stock of CBI, or approximately 0.069 shares of Adherex common stock for each share of CBI preferred stock outstanding (subject to any claims made against the 0.5 million Adherex shares held in escrow).

 

Adherex acquired CBI to settle the litigation between the two companies and to re-acquire the non-cancer rights to the cadherin-based intellectual property to non-cancer use. We believe the reacquisition of non-cancer rights may be beneficial when seeking any future collaborations with larger pharmaceutical and biotech companies.

 

We have recorded the issuance of the 3.2 million shares of Adherex common stock and the associated transaction expenses as settlement of CBI litigation on our statement of operations resulting in an expense of $1.6 million for the six months ended December 31, 2004.

 

Recovery of Future Income Taxes

 

Future taxes recovered totaled $0.6 million for the six month ended December 31, 2004 and 2003. The recovery of future taxes, as recognized on the balance sheet, relates directly to the intellectual property acquired in the acquisition of Oxiquant in November 2002. These rights have no tax basis and give rise to a future tax liability that will be realized in income over the useful life of the assets through a recovery of future income taxes charged to earnings. At this time, Oxiquant, the entity that holds the acquired intellectual property, has no other material activity and the future tax assets of other corporate entities cannot be used to offset this future tax liability. The future tax recovery will continue in direct proportion to the amortization of the intellectual property unless the Company changes its tax strategy with respect to Oxiquant.

 

In addition, as of December 31, 2004, we had $15.5 million in unrecorded net tax assets arising primarily from tax loss carry forwards and scientific research and experimental development expenses which cannot be recognized until it is more likely than not that these assets will be realized.

 

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

 

During the six month period ended December 31, 2004, the Company adopted CICA 3870 “Stock-Based Compensation and Other Stock-Based Payments” and have recorded the fair value of all options granted in the statement of operations. Upon adopting CICA 3870, the Company elected to retroactively adjust retained earnings without restatement. On July 1, 2004, the Company increased the deficit by $2,131 and increased contributed surplus by the same amount. Stock-based employee compensation expense for the six month period ended December 31, 2004 was $756.

 

Years Ended June 30, 2004, 2003 and 2002

 

Interest Income

 

Interest income for the year ended June 30, 2004 was $0.2 million, compared to $0.1 million in 2003 and $0.3 million in 2002. The increase in 2004 interest income is a result of the interest earned on proceeds from the

 

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$21.6 million December 2003 Private Placement. The decrease in 2003 as compared to 2002 is due to higher cash balances in 2002 from the Company’s initial public offering (“IPO”) that was completed in June 2001 with net proceeds of $8.7 million.

 

Other Income

 

In the fiscal year ended June 30, 2002, we received an investigation fee of $0.2 million from a potential licensor. We had no other income in the fiscal years ended June 30, 2004 and 2003.

 

Research and Development Expenses

 

R&D expenses for the year ended June 30, 2004 totaled $4.8 million as compared to $4.1 million in 2003 and $4.3 million in 2002. Subsequent to the December 2003 Private Placement, we increased clinical development activities for our drug candidates. The amounts expended in 2003 and 2002 were similar, however, the composition changed to reflect the evolution of the development of our lead anti-cancer compound, ADH-1, from a preclinical to a clinical orientation.

 

The manufacture of clinical material and other required studies to support our IND application for ADH-1 totaled $0.9 million in fiscal 2004, $1.4 million in fiscal 2003 and $0.9 million in fiscal 2002. The decrease in 2004, as compared to 2003, reflected support provided for ADH-1 towards a successful IND filing in fiscal 2004. There was an increase from 2003 to 2004 for STS IND application support of $0.6 million for 2004 and $0.1 million in 2003. R&D related compensation expense totaled $0.5 million in 2004, $1.0 million in fiscal 2003 and $1.5 million in fiscal 2002. The decrease in 2004, as compared to 2003, reflected the closure of the Ottawa facilities and related reduction in headcount as research activities were relocated to the U.S. This decrease in 2003, as compared to 2002, reflected the shift from research activities, which had been performed in-house, to development activities such as toxicology and manufacturing of compound for clinical trials, which were primarily performed by third parties.

 

R&D expenses for the year ended June 30, 2004 are net of $0.2 million related to provincial investment tax credits recoverable, as compared to $0.5 million for the fiscal year ended 2003. In the fiscal year ended 2002, the amounts are net of $0.3 million in such credits.

 

General and Administration Expenses

 

G&A expenses totaled $4.7 million for year ended June 30, 2004, as compared to $3.0 million in 2003 and $1.8 million in 2002. The increase of $1.7 million in 2004 as compared to 2003 was primarily a result of expenses associated with the establishment of our offices in RTP, costs associated with relocating our management from Canada which totaled $0.4 million and increased employee recruitment expenses of $0.4 million. The increase of $1.2 million in 2003 as compared to 2002 was a result of $0.5 million in expenses related to the termination of our former Chief Executive Officer, as well as higher professional and consulting fees that facilitated the acquisition of Oxiquant, and an expansion in the overall level of administrative activity that supported our development programs.

 

Amortization of Acquired Intellectual Property Rights

 

The expense associated with the amortization of intellectual property rights was $3.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2004, as compared to $1.9 million for 2003. The expense related to the value of intellectual property acquired in November 2002 that is amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of ten years. The increase was due to the fact that we owned the intellectual property rights being amortized for all of 2004 as compared to only five months during 2003. There was no amortization expense for 2002, as the Oxiquant acquisition did not occur until November 2002.

 

Interest Expense

 

Interest expense for the year ended June 30, 2004 totaled $0.4 million, as compared to nil for 2003. The increase reflected the accretion of a portion of the face value of the convertible notes issued in June 2003 and

 

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December 2003 ascribed to the equity-like features of the convertible notes. The notes were converted into equity in December 2003 and therefore do not accrue future interest. There was no interest expense during 2002.

 

Recovery of Future Income Taxes

 

Future taxes recovered totaled $1.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2004, as compared to $0.7 million in 2003. The increase in 2004 over 2003 related to our owning the intellectual property rights being amortized for all of 2004 as compared to only five months during 2003.

 

Quarterly Information

 

The following table presents selected consolidated financial data for each of the last eight quarters ending December 31, 2004: (Dollars in thousands, except per share information)

 

Date


   Net Loss for
the Period


    Basic and Diluted
Net Loss per
Common Share


 

March 31, 2003

   $ (2,492 )   $ (.03 )

June 30, 2003

     (2,332 )     (.03 )

September 30, 2003

     (2,133 )     (.03 )

December 31, 2003

     (2,720 )     (.03 )

March 31, 2004

     (3,151 )     (.02 )

June 30, 2004

     (3,644 )     (.02 )

September 30, 2004

     (3,602 )     (.02 )

December 31, 2004

     (6,479 )     (04 )

 

The increase in the net loss for June 30, 2004, as compared to March 31, 2004, is due to the increased R&D efforts associated with the clinical advancement of ADH-1. The improved liquidity of the Company from the December 2003 Private Placement and May 2004 Bought Deal allowed these increased research and development activities to occur. Spending also increased throughout calendar year 2004 for costs associated with the expansion of our operations to the U.S.

 

The increase in the net loss for December 31, 2004 as compared to prior periods is due to an increase in R&D spending and the acquisition of CBI. The increase in R&D was primarily due to spending associated with ADH-1 as we continued Phase I studies and prepared for Phase Ib/II and Phase II studies. The acquisition of CBI resulted in a charge to the statement of operations totaling $1.6 million.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

We have financed our operations since our inception on September 3, 1996 through the sale of equity and debt securities and have raised gross proceeds totaling $61.8 million. We have incurred net losses and negative cash flow from operations each year, and we had a deficit accumulated during development stage of $46.2 million as of December 31, 2004. We have not received any revenues to date and do not expect to have revenues until we either are able to sell our product candidates after obtaining applicable regulatory approvals or we establish collaborations that provide us with funding, such as licensing fees, royalties, milestone payments, upfront payments or otherwise.

 

At December 31, 2004, we had net working capital of $19.4 million, a decrease of $7.4 million as compared to June 30, 2004. We believe that our cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to satisfy our anticipated capital requirements until March 31, 2006. However, any projections of further cash needs are subject to substantial uncertainty. Our working capital requirements may fluctuate in future periods depending upon numerous factors, including: results of research and development activities; progress or lack of progress in our preclinical studies or clinical trials; our drug substance requirements to support clinical programs; our ability to establish corporate collaborations and licensing arrangements; changes in the focus, direction, or costs of our research and

 

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development programs; the costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining, defending and enforcing patent claims; competitive and technological advances; the potential need to develop, acquire or license new technologies and products; establishment of marketing and sales capabilities; our business development activities; new regulatory requirements implemented by applicable regulatory authorities; the timing and outcome of the regulatory review process; or our commercialization activities, if any.

 

We will need to raise substantial additional funds through equity, debt financings, or collaborative arrangements with corporate partners or from other sources. There can be no assurance that we will be able to raise the necessary capital or that such funding will be available on favorable terms.

 

We are a biopharmaceutical company with a focus on cancer therapeutics. We currently have four product candidates in the clinical stage of development, as well as several preclinical product candidates. We will need to invest substantial amounts of cash to develop and potentially commercialize our product candidates. In addition to our in-house development efforts, we will outsource many aspects of our drug development program, which will involve payments to clinical investigators, contract research organizations, academic institutions and drug substance manufacturers. We will also continue to incur expenses in connection with the continued development of our facilities in RTP.

 

In May 2004, we terminated a $0.3 million revolving line of credit with the Royal Bank of Canada that had been outstanding since 2002. In addition, through December 31, 2004, we have received $2.4 million of research tax credits including potential research tax credit receivables of $0.3 million and have received $0.3 million in other government grants.

 

Since our inception, we have not had any material off-balance sheet arrangements, and inflation has not had a material effect on our operations. We had no material commitments for capital expenses as of December 31, 2004.

 

Financial Instruments

 

The Company’s financial instruments consist primarily of short-term investments. These investments will ultimately be liquidated to support the ongoing operations of the Company.

 

The investment policy of the Company is to manage investments to achieve, in the order of importance, the financial objectives of preservation of principal, liquidity and return on investment. Investments may be made in Canadian or U.S. government obligations and chartered bank securities, commercial paper of Canadian or U.S. industrial companies, utilities, financial institutions and consumer loan companies, and securities of foreign banks provided the obligations are guaranteed or carry ratings appropriate to the policy. Securities must have a minimum Dun & Bradstreet rating f A for bonds or R1 low for commercial paper. The policy also provides for investment limits on concentrations of securities by issuer and maximum-weighted average time to maturity of twelve months. This policy applies to all financial resources of the Company.

 

The risks associated with the policy are primarily the opportunity cost of the conservative nature of the allowable investments. As the main purpose of the company is research and development, the Company has chosen to avoid investments of a trade or speculative nature.

 

Investments with original maturities at date of purchase beyond three months, and which mature at or less than twelve months from the balance sheet date, are classified as current. Investments are carried at book value plus accrued interest with unrealized gains and losses recognized as investment income. Short-term investments were nil at December 31, 2004 and $9.5 million at June 20, 2004 consisted of corporate bonds with maturities at acquisition from 110 to 159 days. As these investments were purchased just prior to June 30, 2004, their market value is not significantly different from their book value. During the six-month period ended December 31, 2004 and the fiscal year ended June 30, 2004, the Company earned interest income of $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively on its cash, cash equivalents and investments.

 

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Contractual Obligations

 

As of December 31, 2004, our contractual obligations and commitments are as follows (in thousands of Canadian dollars):

 

     Less than
1 year


   1-3
years


   4-5
years


   More than
5 years


   Total

Office Lease, U.S. (1)

   $ 109    $ 273    $ 285    $ 99    $ 766

McGill License (2)

     295      690      847      571      2,403

OHSU License (3)

     —        —        —        —        —  

Rutgers License (4)

     24      30      —        —        54
    

  

  

  

  

Total

   $ 428    $ 993    $ 1,132    $ 670    $ 3,223
    

  

  

  

  

 

(1) In April 2004, we entered into a lease for our facilities in RTP. Our obligations under the lease are payable in U.S. dollars, and are presented in CAD dollars in the table, translated at an exchange rate of U.S. to CAD of $1.20. Amounts shown assume the maximum amounts due under the lease.

 

(2) Research obligations shown. Royalty payments, which are contingent on sales, are not included. Penalties for failure to achieve clinical milestones are not included. We expect that clinical trials will progress more rapidly than required by the agreement.

 

(3) Royalty and milestone payments that we may be required to pay under the agreement, which are contingent on sales or progress of our clinical trials, are not included.

 

(4) U.S. dollar obligation translated at an assumed rate of CAD$1.20. Royalty payments, which are contingent on sales, and other contingent payments that we may be required to pay under the agreement, are not included. Minimum maintenance payments through 2006 are shown. In 2007, the maintenance fee increases to $60.

 

In connection with the OHSU License Agreement and the Rutgers License Agreement, we are required to pay specified milestone payments in the event that we complete certain Adherex-initiated clinical trials. One such payment we may have to make in the near future is a US$0.5 million milestone payment to OHSU when and if we complete a planned Phase III clinical trial with STS in children, which we currently anticipate starting in 2005. However, there can be no assurance that we will commence and/or complete that clinical trial as currently anticipated, if at all.

 

Research and Development

 

Our research and development efforts have been focused on the development of cancer therapeutics. We have established relationships with universities, research organizations and other institutions, which we utilize to perform many of the day-to-day activities associated with our drug development. Where possible, we have sought to include leading scientific investigators and advisors to enhance our internal capabilities. Research and development matters are reviewed internally by senior R&D management, as well as other members of our senior management and other scientific staff. Major developmental issues are presented to the members of our Scientific and Clinical Advisory Board for discussion and review. During the six months ended December 31, 2004, Company-sponsored research and development expense totaled $4.4 million. During fiscal years 2004, 2003 and 2002, Company-sponsored research and development expense was $4.8 million, $4.1 million and $4.3 million, respectively.

 

Our research and development programs include ADH-1, STS, NAC, Mesna and our preclinical activities.

 

ADH-1 is a molecularly targeted anti-cancer drug currently in Phase I and Phase Ib/II clinical studies. ADH-1 is a small peptide that selectively targets N-cadherin, a protein that plays a major role in holding together and stabilizing

 

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the cells that make up blood vessels and certain tumor cells. During the six months ended December 31, 2004, we spent $3.2 million on ADH-1 and $0.5 million on our other anti-cancer programs.

 

STS is a chemoprotectant which has been shown to reduce the disabling hearing loss in patients, particularly children, treated with platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents. Phase I and Phase II studies have been conducted with STS by investigators at OHSU. NAC is being developed as a bone marrow protectant to be used to prevent the bone toxicity caused by certain anti-cancer drugs. Upon the completion of an ongoing Phase I study by investigators at OHSU, we will re-evaluate the market potential of NAC. Mesna is under development as a chemoenhancer aimed at altering a cancer’s resistance to chemotherapy. During the six months ended December 31, 2004, we spent $0.3 million on our chemoprotectant and chemotherapy enhancer programs.

 

As of December 31, 2004, our spending by each of the different research and development programs is as follows (in thousands of Canadian dollars):

 

    

Six Months
Ended
December 31,

2004


   Years Ended June 30,

  

Cumulative
From
September 3,
1996 to
December 31,

2004


      2004

   2003

   2002

  

ADH-1

   $ 3,223    $ 3,362    $ 3,145    $ 2,705    $ 15,230

Other anti-cancer

     452      458      652      820      2,382
    

  

  

  

  

Total anti-cancer

     3,675      3,820      3,797      3,525      17,612

STS

     333      844      216      —        1,393

Other chemoprotectants and enhancers

     —        —        25      —        25
    

  

  

  

  

Total chemoprotectants and enhancers

     333      844      241      —        1,418

Other discovery projects

     344      119      107      307      2,670

Transdermal drug delivery

     —        —        —        500      1,050
    

  

  

  

  

Total research and development program expense

   $ 4,352    $ 4,783    $ 4,145    $ 4,332    $ 22,750
    

  

  

  

  

 

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ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

 

A. Directors and senior management

 

The following table lists the directors and senior management of the Company and the positions they hold with the Company:

 

Name


   Age

  

Position


William P. Peters, MD, PhD, MBA    54    Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors
Raymond Hession (1)(2)(4)    64    Lead Independent Director of the Board of Directors
Peter Karmanos, Jr.(3)(4)    62    Director
Donald W. Kufe, MD (2)(3)    60    Director
Fred H. Mermelstein, PhD (4)    46    Director
Peter Morand, PhD (1)(4)    70    Director
Robin J. Norris, MD    58    President, Chief Operating Officer and Director
Arthur T. Porter, MD, MBA (1)(2)(3)    48    Director
Brian E. Huber, PhD    50    Chief Scientific Officer
James A. Klein, Jr., CPA    42    Chief Financial Officer
Rajesh K. Malik, MD    46    Chief Medical Officer
D. Scott Murray, BScPharm, LLB, MBA    35    Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary

(1) Member of the Audit Committee

 

(2) Member of the Compensation Committee

 

(3) Member of the Nominating Committee

 

(4) Member of the Governance Committee

 

Board of Directors

 

The current Board of Directors was elected at our annual meeting of shareholders on October 22, 2004. We have granted a shareholder, HBM BioVentures (Cayman) Ltd., the right to appoint a nominee for election to the Board and the right to have an observer attend, but not vote at, our Board meetings. To date, HBM BioVentures has never sent an observer to any of our Board meetings, and has informed us that it does not intend to send any observers in the future. Currently, Dr. Porter is the director nominated by HBM BioVentures. He has no affiliation with HBM BioVentures.

 

The Board is currently composed of eight members. The Board has determined that each member other than Dr. Peters and Dr. Norris qualifies as “independent” under the current rules of the American Stock Exchange and “unrelated” for purposes of the Toronto Stock Exchange Guidelines. We are of the view that the composition of the Board of Directors reflects a diversity of background and experience that is important for effective corporate governance.

 

Under our By-laws, as amended, the term in office of our directors expires at each annual general meeting of shareholders. If there is a vacancy in the Board, the remaining directors may exercise all the powers of the Board so long as a quorum remains in office. Under the CBCA, at least 25% of the Board must be residents of Canada.

 

Biographical information about each director and officer follows. Information about the Board’s functions and its committees is set forth below under “—Broad practices—Report on Corporate Governance.”

 

William P. Peters, MD, PhD, MBA

 

Dr. Peters has been the Chief Executive Officer of Adherex since March 2003, the Chairman of the Board of Directors since February 2004, and a member of the Board of Directors since November 2002. From March 2003 to February 2004, Dr. Peters served as the Vice Chairman of the Board. Dr. Peters has served on the faculty at Harvard

 

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University, Duke University and Wayne State University. He originated the solid tumor high-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant program at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and was Director of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Professor of Medicine at Duke University from 1984 to 1995 and was an Associate Director of the Cancer Center. He then became President, Director and CEO of the Karmanos Cancer Institute from 1995 – 2001 and is currently President Emeritus. Simultaneously, he served as Associate Dean for Cancer at Wayne State University and Senior Vice President for Cancer Services at the Detroit Medical Center. In 2001, he organized the Institute for Strategic Analysis and Innovation at the Detroit Medical Center of which he served as President. Dr. Peters has three Bachelor’s degrees (Biochemistry, Biophysics and Philosophy) from the Pennsylvania State University, received his MPhil, MD and PhD degrees from the Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons in New York and trained clinically at Harvard University Medical School’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, MA. He is board certified in internal medicine and medical oncology. He earned his MBA at the Duke University Fuqua School of Business. Dr. Peters also serves on the board of directors of Aegera Therapeutics Inc.

 

Raymond Hession

 

Mr. Hession has been on the Board of Directors of Adherex since December 1998. Mr. Hession is Chairman of The Ottawa Hospital. Mr. Hession has previously served as President of Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Deputy Minister of Industry for the Canadian Government and President of Kinburn Technologies Corporation.

 

Peter Karmanos, Jr.

 

Mr. Karmanos has been a director of Adherex since May 2004. Mr. Karmanos is Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer and co-founder of Compuware Corporation, a global provider of software solutions and professional services. Mr. Karmanos is a director for the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, the North American Hockey League, USA Hockey, Worthington Industries, Taubman Centers, Inc., Automation Alley and Detroit Renaissance. He is also a member of the National Hockey League Board of Governors.

 

Donald W. Kufe, MD

 

Dr. Kufe has been on the Board of Directors of Adherex since December 2003. Dr. Kufe is the chair of the Scientific and Clinical Advisory Board of Adherex. Dr. Kufe received his MD in 1970 from the University of Rochester School of Medicine and postgraduate training at Harvard’s Beth Israel Hospital. Subsequently, he undertook extensive laboratory-based research in molecular virology at the Institute of Cancer Research of Columbia University. In 1979, he joined the faculty of Harvard’s Dana-Farber Cancer Institute where he is now Professor of Medicine. He has served as Chief of the Division of Cancer Pharmacology, Deputy Director of the Dana-Farber Cancer Center, Director of the Harvard Phase I Oncology Group and Leader of the Experimental Therapeutics Program. He has served as the senior editor of Cancer Medicine, one of the major text books in oncology, and on the editorial board of multiple international cancer research journals.

 

Fred H. Mermelstein, PhD

 

Dr. Mermelstein has been a director of Adherex since November 2002. Dr. Mermelstein is a founder, CEO and President of Innovative Drug Delivery Systems Inc. and served as Director of Venture Capital at Paramount Capital Investments, LLC, a merchant banking and venture capital firm specializing in biotechnology, from 1998 to 2003. He has served as director and Chief Science Officer of PolaRx Biopharmaceuticals, and is a director of both Cardiome Pharma and the Jordan Heart Foundation. Dr. Mermelstein holds a dual Ph.D. in Pharmacology and Toxicology from Rutgers University and University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ) Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. He completed his post-doctoral training supported by two grant awards, a National Institutes of Health fellowship and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute fellowship in the department of biochemistry at UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Medical School.

 

Peter Morand, PhD

 

Dr. Morand has been a Director of Adherex since December 1998. He is President, CEO and a Director of the Canadian Science and Technology Growth Fund and is a Director of D-Box Technology Inc. and of the Institute on Governance (Ottawa). He is past Chair of the Ottawa Life Sciences Council, past President of Canada’s Natural

 

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Sciences and Engineering Research Council that currently invests over $600 million annually in university research, and formerly Professor of Chemistry, Dean of Science & Engineering and Vice Rector at the University of Ottawa. Dr. Morand started his career in the pharmaceutical industry at Ayerst Laboratories and is President of Peter Morand & Associates Inc., an advanced technology consulting firm.

 

Robin J. Norris, MD

 

Dr. Norris has been the Chief Operating Officer of Adherex since January 2002, President of Adherex since June 2002 and a member of the Board of Directors since November 2002. Prior to joining Adherex, Dr. Norris was Chief Operating Officer and Chairman of the Scientific Advisors Committee of PowderJect plc from March 1998 to December 2001 and Chief Operating Officer of Noven Inc. from March 1995 to March 1998. Dr. Norris received his medical education and degree in the United Kingdom with postgraduate qualifications in obstetrics, general medicine and pharmaceutical medicine. Following eight years of clinical practice Dr. Norris has spent over 20 years in the pharmaceutical industry, predominantly based in the United States, but with global drug development responsibilities. During his career, Dr. Norris has been responsible for the successful development of a wide range of pharmaceutical products and devices moving and transitioning them from fundamental “bench-level” research and development through the regulatory process and into the global marketplace.

 

Arthur T. Porter, MD, MBA

 

Dr. Porter, who has served as a director of Adherex since February 2004, was nominated pursuant to an arrangement with HBM BioVentures (Cayman) Ltd. (See “—Board practices”). Dr. Porter has served as the Executive Director of the McGill University Health Center since January 2004. Dr. Porter was the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Detroit Medical Center from 1999 to 2003. From 1991 to 1998, Dr. Porter served as the Chief of the Gershenson Radiation Oncology Center at Harper Hospital, Radiation Oncologist-in-Chief at the Detroit Medical Center. He has also served as Senior Radiation Oncologist at the Cross Cancer Institute in Edmonton, Alberta and Associate Professor in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Alberta, Chief of the Department of Radiation Oncology at the London Regional Cancer Centre and Chairman of the Department of Oncology at Victoria Hospital Corporation. Dr. Porter has served as a director of Munder Funds since 2002 and Universal Healthcare Management Systems since 2003.

 

Senior Management

 

In addition to Drs. Peters and Norris, the members of our senior management include:

 

Brian E. Huber, PhD

 

Dr. Huber joined Adherex as the Chief Scientific Officer in October 2004. Prior to joining Adherex, Dr. Huber was Vice President of Biology/Pharmacology in Drug Discovery for GlaxoSmithKline, where he directed the Departments of Metabolic Disease, Molecular Pharmacology & Endocrinology, Biochemical & Analytical Pharmacology, Virology and International Clinical Virology. From 1997 to 2001 he was Vice President of Pharmacology at GlaxoWellcome with responsibility for the departments of Cancer Biology, Musculoskeletal Diseases, Metabolic Diseases and Virology. From 1995 to 1997 he was the Director of the Division of Pharmacology at GlaxoWellcome.

 

James A. Klein, Jr., CPA

 

Mr. Klein joined Adherex as Chief Financial Officer in April 2004. From 1999 to April 2004, Mr. Klein founded and served as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of DataScout Software Inc., a company that develops and commercializes software for the pharmaceutical industry. From 1995 to 1999, Mr. Klein served as Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of Triangle Pharmaceuticals Inc., a publicly traded pharmaceutical company. Prior to that, Mr. Klein was the International Research and Development Financial Controller for Burroughs Wellcome Co., an international pharmaceutical group. Mr. Klein is a Certified Public Accountant.

 

Rajesh K. Malik, MD

 

Dr. Malik joined Adherex as the Chief Medical Officer in September 2004. Prior to joining Adherex, Dr. Malik was Executive Director at EMD Pharmaceuticals, where he directed the global clinical development strategy for three EMD/Merck KGaA oncology product candidates. From January 2000 to March 2002, he served as

 

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Associate Director at Bristol-Myers Squibb, where he was responsible for the global clinical development strategy for an oral taxane and for the company’s pediatric initiatives. He served fellowships at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Duke University Medical Center. From 1993 to 2000, he was Assistant Professor in the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, VA. Dr. Malik completed his medical training in England, earning his M.B., Ch.B. degree from the University of Sheffield Medical School, with post-graduate training in the United Kingdom and in the United States.

 

D. Scott Murray, BScPharm, LLB, MBA

 

Mr. Murray has been General Counsel and Corporate Secretary of Adherex since February 2003 and a Vice President since September 2003. Prior to joining Adherex, Mr. Murray was an Associate at Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP in Toronto specializing in private and public corporate finance, mergers and acquisitions as well as securities compliance and pharmaceutical regulatory matters. At Osler, Mr. Murray worked with a number of international pharmaceutical corporations, some of the largest securities dealers in North America, various early-stage biotechnology clients and also spent a secondment in the legal department of General Motors of Canada. Prior to joining Osler, Mr. Murray practiced as a pharmacist for over seven years, including several retail pharmacy management positions. Mr. Murray holds a Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy degree from Dalhousie University and LLB and MBA degrees from the University of Ottawa.

 

B. Scientific and Clinical Advisory Board

 

Our Scientific and Clinical Advisory Board consists of individuals with demonstrated expertise in various fields who advise us concerning long-term scientific planning, research and development. The Scientific and Clinical Advisory Board also evaluates our research programs and advises us on technological matters. The members of the Scientific and Clinical Advisory Board, which is chaired by Donald W. Kufe, MD, are:

 

Donald W. Kufe, MD    Professor of Medicine, Harvard’s Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Director, Adherex Technologies Inc.
Donald A. Berry, PhD    Frank T. McGraw Memorial Chair and Chairman of the Department of Biostatistics and Applied Mathematics at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center.
Stephen Byers, PhD    Director of the MD/PhD Program and Professor of Oncology and Cell Biology at the Lombardi Cancer Center; Member of Interdisciplinary Program of Tumor Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center
Harold F. Dvorak, MD    Chief of the Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Mallinckrodt Professor of Pathology, Harvard Medical School
Emil Frei, III, MD    Director and Physician-in-Chief Emeritus and Richard and Susan Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School
Robert Herfkens, MD    Professor of Radiology and Director of Magnetic Resonance Imaging at Stanford University
Mark Hughes, MD, PhD    President, Genesis Genetics Institute
Daniel D. Von Hoff, MD    Professor of Pathology, Molecular and Cellular Biology and Director of the Arizona Health Science Center’s Cancer Therapeutic Programs at the University of Arizona; Chief Scientific Officer, US Oncology
Joseph Loscalzo, MD, PhD    Wade Professor and Chairman, Department of Medicine and Director of the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute at the Boston University School of Medicine; Physician-in-Chief, Boston Medical Center
Ann Thor, MD    Lloyd E. Rader Professor and Chair, Department of Pathology, Adjunct Professor of Surgery, Associate Director for Translational Research and Program Director for Breast Cancer Program at the University of Oklahoma
Bruce Chabner, MD    Chief of Hematology/Oncology at Massachusetts General Hospital and Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School

 

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C. Compensation

 

Statement of Executive Compensation

 

We changed our financial year end from June 30 to December 31 effective December 31, 2004. For reference purposes, the most recently-completed financial reporting period is the six-months ended December 31, 2004 (“Six-Month Fiscal Transition 2004”).

 

The following table sets forth the compensation earned during the Six-Month Fiscal Transition 2004 period by our current Chief Executive Officer and our executive officers (together, the “Named Executive Officers”) in that year. Unless otherwise indicated in the footnotes to this table, all compensation information is in U.S. dollars.

 

     Six-Month Fiscal Transition 2004 Compensation

   Long-Term Compensation Awards

Name and Principal Position


   Salary
($)


   Bonus
($)


   Other Annual
Compensation ($)


   Securities Under
Options Granted


   All Other
Compensation ($)


Dr. William Peters

Chief Executive Office and Chairman

of the Board

   212,500    182,500    —      8,931,089    4,856

Dr. Robin Norris

President and Chief Operating Officer

   112,500    57,000    —      1,360,000    4,408

D. Scott Murray

Vice President, General Counsel and

Corporate Secretary

   75,000    59,500    —      389,850    357

James A. Klein, Jr.

Chief Financial Officer

   80,000    50,000    —      1,100,000    385

Dr. Rajesh K. Malik

Chief Medical Officer

   58,583    35,000    —      750,000    199

Dr. Brian E. Huber

Chief Scientific Officer

   30,708    25,000    —      750,000    119

Option Grants During the Six-Month Fiscal Transition 2004

 

The following table sets forth stock options granted during the Six-Month Fiscal Transition 2004 to our Named Executive Officers under our Stock Option Plan, or otherwise, to whom any such stock options were granted during the most recently completed financial year:

 

Name and Position


   Securities Under Options
Granted (#)


   Exercise Price
($/Security)(1)


   Expiration Date

Dr. William Peters

Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board

   160,000    $ 0.39    2011

D. Scott Murray

Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary

   90,000    $ 0.39    2011

James A. Klein, Jr.

Chief Financial Officer

   25,000    $ 0.39    2011

Dr. Rajesh K. Malik

Chief Medical Officer

   750,000    $ 0.40    2011

Dr. Brian E. Huber

Chief Scientific Officer

   750,000    $ 0.39    2011

 

(1) Exercise price is in Canadian dollars.

 

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D. Board practices

 

Compensation of Directors

 

During the Six-Month Fiscal Transition 2004, our non-executive directors, as a group, were granted options to purchase an aggregate of 40,000 shares of common stock and were paid an aggregate of $51,154 in cash fees (including fees to Canadian directors converted to U.S. dollars at the average exchange rate for the Six-Month Transitional 2004). Director cash fees ranged from $3,012 to $16,141 per director. During the Six-Month Fiscal Transition 2004, directors who were also employees received no compensation for serving on the Board of Directors.

 

Each non-executive director is paid US$2,000 for each board meeting attended in person, US$500 for regular teleconference meetings (Level I), US$750 for extended teleconference meetings (Level II) and US$1000 for extended and complex meetings (Level III). These various categories reflect the fact that the Board of Directors conducts a substantial portion of its work by teleconference, with some of the teleconferences being extended in time commitment and complexity. The Level III category is generally intended to be reserved for extended teleconference activities, such as retreats, in excess of two and one half hours. Directors who are also employees will receive no compensation for serving on the Board of Directors for the year ending December 31, 2005.

 

Employment Agreements and Termination Provisions

 

We have entered into employment agreements with our senior management. The compensation in each case includes a combination of base salary, cash bonus, stock options and other benefits.

 

Pursuant to an employment agreement dated February 19, 2003 between Dr. William P. Peters and the Company, Dr. Peters became employed as Chief Executive Officer and Vice Chairman of the Company effective March 12, 2003 for a five-year term, and was appointed Chairman of the Board of Directors on February 28, 2004. Pursuant to this agreement, Dr. Peters (a) receives an annual salary in the amount of US$425,000, (b) received a signing bonus totaling US$200,000, of which US$40,000 was paid at the time of signing and US$80,000 was paid on each of July 1, 2003 and December 15, 2003, and (c) was granted an option to purchase up to 3,750,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.33 per share. The employment agreement also provided that on one occasion, upon the closing of an equity financing or strategic partner contract of at least US$3.75 million, Dr. Peters would be granted additional options sufficient for his aggregate option holdings to be 5% of the common stock of the Company, calculated on a fully diluted basis, immediately following the closing of such a transaction, subject to and conditional upon applicable regulatory and shareholder approvals (the “Financing Grant Provision”). Accordingly, upon the occurrence of such a transaction in December 2003, the Financing Grant Provision provided for Dr. Peters to receive options to purchase 7,389,098 shares of common stock, which would have brought his option holdings to 5% on a fully diluted basis, subject to applicable regulations and approvals. The Company obtained shareholder approval on December 16, 2003 for 3,500,000 of such shares that were granted to Dr. Peters outside of our Stock Option Plan. However, at that time, the Toronto Stock Exchange required that no person may hold options representing more than 5% of the Company’s equity at any given time on an issued and outstanding basis (the “TSX Limit”). Accordingly, on December 30, 2003, Dr. Peters was granted options to purchase 3,851,089 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.45 per share, which together with shares of common stock issuable under his other option holdings represented 5% of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock at such time. In May 2004, the Company made a further grant to Dr. Peters under the Financing Grant Provision of options to purchase 1,170,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.58 per share when the Company increased its issued and outstanding shares by virtue of its two equity financings in that month. In December 2004, the Company made a further grant to Dr. Peters under the Financing Grant Provision of options to purchase 160,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.39 per share. From time to time, the Company intends to grant the 2,208,009 options remaining of the originally targeted 7,389,098 options under the Financing Grant Provision, subject to applicable approvals and regulations. The agreement also provides that annual bonuses, if any, will be awarded to Dr. Peters at the sole discretion of the Board. In the event of termination without “cause,” or in the event Dr. Peters terminates his employment for Good Reason or a Change of Control (as such terms are defined in the agreement), the Company is obligated to pay Dr. Peters severance compensation equal to 24 months of salary.

 

Pursuant to an employment agreement dated December 12, 2001 between Dr. Robin Norris and the Company, Dr. Norris is employed as our Chief Operating Officer. Pursuant to this agreement, Dr. Norris (a) receives an annual salary in the amount of US$236,000, (b) was granted options to purchase up to 600,000 shares of common stock at a

 

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price per share of $0.33 under our Stock Option Plan, (c) was reimbursed for certain expenses related to his relocation from Colorado to Ottawa, and (d) is entitled to participate in all employee benefit programs offered by the Company. Also pursuant to this agreement, if Dr. Norris is dismissed from employment by the Company for any reason other than “cause,” we are obligated to pay Dr. Norris severance compensation equal to 12 months of salary. Dr. Norris was appointed President of the Company in addition to Chief Operating Officer on June 14, 2002.

 

Pursuant to an employment agreement dated April 21, 2004 between James A. Klein, Jr. and the Company, Mr. Klein is employed as our Chief Financial Officer. Pursuant to this agreement, Mr. Klein (a) receives an annual salary in the amount of US$185,000, (b) was granted options to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of common stock at a price per share of $0.53 under our Stock Option Plan, (c) received a signing bonus of US$15,000, and (d) may receive an annual discretionary bonus of up to US$50,000. If Mr. Klein’s employment terminates due to a change in control of the Company, any then- remaining unvested shares shall immediately vest and be fully exercisable. Also pursuant to this agreement, if Mr. Klein is dismissed from employment by the Company for any reason other than “cause,” we are obligated to pay Mr. Klein severance compensation equal to six months of salary.

 

Pursuant to an employment agreement dated August 9, 2004 between Dr. Rajesh K. Malik and the Company, Dr. Malik is employed as our Chief Medical Officer. Pursuant to this agreement, Dr. Malik (a) receives an annual salary in the amount of US$220,000 (to be adjusted further to US$250,000 on or about July 1, 2005 with acceptable performance as determined by the Company), (b) was granted options to purchase up to 750,000 shares of common stock, at a price per share of $0.40 under our Stock Option Plan, (c) received a signing bonus of US$35,000 (to be repaid if Dr. Malik does not complete one year of employment), and (d) may receive an annual discretionary bonus of up to 25% of annual base salary in the event of satisfactory performance as determined by the Company. If Dr. Malik’s employment terminates due to a change in control of the Company, any then-remaining unvested shares shall immediately vest and be fully exercisable. Also pursuant to this agreement, if Dr. Malik is dismissed from employment by the Company without “cause,” we are obligated to pay Dr. Malik severance compensation consisting of health insurance benefits and his then current base salary for the lesser of six months or until he has accepted alternative employment.

 

Pursuant to an employment agreement dated October 25, 2004 between Dr. Brian E. Huber and the Company, Dr. Huber is employed as the Chief Scientific Officer. Pursuant to this agreement, Dr. Huber (a) receives an annual salary in the amount of US$185,000, (b) was granted options to purchase up to 750,000 shares of common stock, at a price per share of $0.39 under our Stock Option Plan, (c) received a signing bonus of US$25,000, and (d) may receive an annual discretionary bonus of up to US$50,000. Also pursuant to this agreement, if Dr. Huber is dismissed from employment by the Company without “cause,” we are obligated to pay Dr. Huber severance compensation consisting of health insurance benefits and his then current base salary for the lesser of six months or until he has accepted alternative employment.

 

Pursuant to an employment agreement dated January 27, 2003 between Mr. D. Scott Murray and the Company, Mr. Murray is employed as our General Counsel and Corporate Secretary, and became a Vice President on September 19, 2003. Pursuant to this agreement, Mr. Murray (a) receives an annual salary in the amount of US$165,000, (b) was granted options to purchase up to 150,000 shares of common stock at a price per share of $0.35 under our Stock Option Plan, (c) was reimbursed for certain expenses related to his relocation from Toronto to Ottawa, and (d) is entitled to participate in all employee benefit programs offered by the Company. Also pursuant to this agreement, if Mr. Murray is dismissed from employment by the Company for any reason other than “cause,” we are obligated to pay Mr. Murray severance compensation equal to three months working notice and three months of salary.

 

In addition to such employment agreements, each of Drs. Peters, Norris, Malik and Huber, as well as Messrs. Klein and Murray are party to a confidentiality and intellectual property agreement with the Company.

 

On May 21, 2004, the Company amended the option agreements with current employees, executive officers and members of the Board of Directors, relating to options granted prior to and on that date, to provide that (i) in the event of a Change of Control, all granted but unvested options would vest immediately for each member of the Board, for executive officers and direct employees, and (ii) executive officers and members of the Board would be allowed for three years after concluding their employment or engagement with the Company to exercise their options that have vested on or prior to such conclusion of employment or engagement, provided that no options shall vest following such cessation of employment or engagement. “Change of Control” is defined as the acquisition (at

 

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one time or over a period of time) of shares of the Company or of securities (“Convertible Securities”) convertible into, exchangeable for or representing the right to acquire shares of the Company as a result of which a person, group of persons or persons acting jointly or in a concert, or persons associated or affiliated within the meaning of the Canada Business Corporation Act with any such person, group of persons or persons acting jointly or in concert (collectively, “Acquirors”), beneficially own shares of the Company and/or Convertible Securities that would entitle the holders thereof to cast more than 50% of the votes attaching to all shares in the capital of the Company that may cast to elect directors of the Company (assuming the conversion, exchange or exercise of Convertible Securities beneficially owned by the Acquirors). Change of Control does not include a reverse takeover or other reorganization whereby the holders of shares and Convertible Securities of the Company immediately prior to such transaction beneficially own, following the completion of the transaction, shares of the parent or surviving corporation that would entitle the holders thereof to cast more than 50% of the votes attaching to all shares in the capital of such parent or surviving corporation that may be cast to elect directors of such parent or surviving corporation.

 

Indebtedness of Directors and Officers

 

No individual, who is or, at any time during our most recently completed financial year, was a director, executive officer or senior officer of Adherex, nor any proposed nominee for election as a director of Adherex, nor any associate of any one of them:

 

(a) is or, at any time since the beginning of our most recent completed financial year, has been indebted to Adherex or any of its subsidiaries; or

 

(b) was indebted to another entity, which indebtedness is, or was at any time during our most recent completed financial year, the subject of a guarantee, support agreement, letter of credit or other similar arrangement or understanding provided by Adherex or any of its subsidiaries.

 

Report on Corporate Governance

 

We believe that good corporate governance is important to ensure that the Company is managed for the long term benefit of its shareholders. In connection with our proposed listing on the American Stock Exchange, and our commitment to complying with the standards of the Toronto Stock Exchange, we have continued to review our corporate governance practices and policies and compared them to developing practices and regulation in Canada and the United States. In particular, we have considered the developing rules and guidelines for corporate governance practices and policies, and related disclosures, promulgated by the Toronto Stock Exchange, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the American Stock Exchange, as well as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 

Based on this review, in February 2004 (revised in August 2004), our Board of Directors adopted a Mandate of the Board of Directors, Corporate Governance Guidelines and a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applicable to all officers, directors and employees of the Company. The Board of Directors also (i) restated the charter of the Audit Committee and appointed its members, (ii) established a separate Governance Committee, adopted a written charter for the committee, and appointed its members, (iii) restated the charter of the Compensation Committee (revised in December 2004) and appointed its members, (iv) established a Nominating Committee, adopted a written charter for the committee, and appointed its members and (v) appointed a Lead Independent Director, currently Raymond Hession. You can access our current committee charters, Mandate of the Board of Directors, Corporate Governance Guidelines and Code of Business Conduct and Ethics in the corporate governance section of our website at http://www.adherex.com.

 

Mandate of the Board of Directors

 

The Board has the overall responsibility for the strategic planning and general management of our business and affairs. In fulfilling its responsibilities, the Board is responsible for, among other things:

 

    adoption of a strategic plan for the Company;

 

    approval of the annual operating and capital expenditure budgets;

 

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    identification of the principal risks of the Company’s business and ensuring the implementation of the appropriate systems to manage these risks;

 

    succession planning for the Company, including appointing and monitoring senior management;

 

    adoption of a communications policy for the Company;

 

    approval of acquisitions, dispositions, investments and financings, which exceed certain prescribed limits; and

 

    integrity of the Company’s internal control and management information systems.

 

The Board discharges its responsibilities directly and through committees that have specific areas of responsibility. During the Six-Month Fiscal Transition 2004, the Board held six meetings. The frequency of Board meetings and the nature of items discussed during the meetings depend on the opportunities or risks that Adherex faces. The Board, through its committees, has adopted a process whereby it assesses the risk factors that must be identified and managed to ensure Adherex’s long-term viability. Such matters include succession planning and the monitoring of senior management. In addition, the Board has adopted a formal communications policy for communications with shareholders and other interested parties.

 

Lead Independent Director

 

Our Corporate Governance Guidelines require that the Board designate an independent director to act in a lead capacity to perform certain functions, or Lead Independent Director. The Lead Independent Director shall be elected annually by the independent directors. In March 2005, Mr. Hession was re-elected as the Lead Independent Director. The Lead Independent Director’s authority and responsibilities include:

 

    consulting with the Chairman of the Board on an appropriate schedule for Board meetings, seeking to ensure that the independent directors can perform their duties responsibly;

 

    providing the Chairman of the Board with input into agendas for Board meetings, with the understanding that agenda items requested by the Lead Independent Director shall be included on the agenda;

 

    advising the Chairman of the Board as to the quality, quantity and timeliness of the flow of information from management that is necessary for the independent directors to perform their duties responsibly, with the understanding that the independent directors will receive any information requested on their behalf by the Lead Independent Director;

 

    calling, and acting as the presiding director at, meetings of the independent directors, and developing the agenda for such meetings;

 

    acting as principal liaison between the independent directors, the Chairman of the Board and the Chief Executive Officer on sensitive issues;

 

    providing input to the Compensation Committee regarding the Chief Executive Officer’s performance and meeting, along with the Compensation Committee, with the Chief Executive Officer to discuss the Board’s evaluation of his or her performance; and

 

    any other responsibilities as may be determined from time to time by the Board.

 

Composition of Our Standing Committees

 

The Board has created audit, compensation, nominating, and governance committees to ensure that the Board functions independently of management. It is also customary practice for directors (i) to receive detailed information describing our performance prior to each Board meeting, and (ii) when necessary, to speak directly with management regarding additional information required on particular matters of interest. Moreover, directors have access to information independent of management through our external auditor.

 

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Audit Committee

 

On behalf of the Board, the Audit Committee of the Board retains, oversees and evaluates our independent auditor, reviews the financial reports and other financial information provided by the Company, including audited financial statements, and discusses the adequacy of disclosure with management and the auditor. The committee also reviews the performance of the independent auditor in the annual audit and in assignments unrelated to the audit, assesses the independence of the auditor, and reviews its fees. The committee is responsible for reviewing our internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure and our response to the Toronto Stock Exchange’s governance guidelines first published in 1994.

 

The Audit Committee operates under a written charter adopted by the Board. The committee met three times during Six-Month Fiscal Transition 2004. The current members of the Audit Committee are Mr. Hession (Chair), Dr. Morand and Dr. Porter. The Board has determined that each is “unrelated” for purposes of the Toronto Stock Exchange Guidelines and “independent” as defined by the current rules of the American Stock Exchange. The Board has determined that each member of the committee is financially literate for purposes of the American Stock Exchange and that Arthur Porter, MD, MBA has the requisite attributes of an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by regulations promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

Compensation Committee

 

The Compensation Committee of the Board determines the compensation to be paid to our executive officers and periodically reviews our compensation structure to ensure that we continue to attract and retain qualified and experienced individuals to our management team and motivate these individuals to perform to the best of their ability and in the Company’s best interests. Among other things, the committee considers compensation levels of comparable positions in similarly sized organizations in the biotechnology industry. The committee also administers our Stock Option Plan and reviews recommendations from management for new stock option grants.

 

The Compensation Committee operates under a written charter adopted by the Board. The current members of the Compensation Committee are Dr. Porter (Chair), Mr. Hession and Dr Kufe. The Board has determined that each is “unrelated” for purposes of the Toronto Stock Exchange Guidelines and “independent” as defined by the current rules of the American Stock Exchange. The committee held one meeting in Six-Month Fiscal Transition 2004.

 

Nominating Committee

 

The Nominating Committee of the Board of Directors is charged with nominating activities, including determining desired Board skills and attributes for directors; conducting appropriate and necessary evaluations of the backgrounds and qualifications of possible director candidates; and recommending director nominees for approval by the Board or the shareholders. The Nominating Committee is authorized to retain advisors and consultants and compensate them for their services.

 

The Nominating Committee will not rely on a fixed set of qualifications for director nominees. The Committee’s primary mandate with respect to director nominees is to create a Board with a broad range of skills and attributes that will be aligned with the Company’s strategic needs. The current members of the Nominating Committee are Dr. Kufe (Chair), Mr. Karmanos and Dr Porter. The Board has determined that each is “unrelated” for purposes of the Toronto Stock Exchange Guidelines and “independent” as defined by the current rules of the American Stock Exchange. The committee held one meeting in Six-Month Fiscal Transition 2004.

 

Governance Committee

 

The Governance Committee of the Board of Directors develops, recommends and oversees the effectiveness of the Company’s corporate governance guidelines. In addition, the committee oversees the orientation and education of directors and the process of evaluating the Board and its committees.

 

The current members of the Governance Committee are Mr. Hession (Chair), Dr. Mermelstein, Dr. Morand and Mr. Karmanos. The Board has determined that each is “unrelated” for purposes of the Toronto Stock Exchange Guidelines and “independent” as defined by the current rules of the American Stock Exchange. The committee held one meeting in Six-Month Fiscal Transition 2004.

 

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E. Employees

 

As of February 28, 2005, we employ 23 full-time employees. We intend to add up to 12 additional employees in 2005.

 

F. Share ownership

 

The following table shows the number of shares of common stock, options and warrants to purchase common stock beneficially owned by each director and Named Executive Officer as of February 28, 2005. We have included all securities of the Company owned by each individual, irregardless of when those securities vest.

 

Name


   Common
Shares Held
Directly


   Options and
Warrants
Outstanding


   % of
Outstanding
Common
Stock as of
February 28,
2005(1)


    Exercise
Price


   Expiration
Date


William P. Peters    339,912    77,829
152,956
3,750,000
3,500,000
351,089
1,170,000
160,000
   4.95 %   0.55
0.43
0.33
0.45
0.45
0.58
0.39
   06/23/2007
12/19/2008
02/19/2010
12/30/2010
12/30/2010
05/21/2011
12/17/2011
Raymond Hession    699,641    48,000
42,945
84,721
39,000
93,108
20,000
30,000
   0.58 %   0.3275
0.55
0.43
0.34
0.65
0.58
0.39
   02/23/2006
06/23/2007
12/19/2008
05/03/2010
03/01/2011
05/21/2011
12/17/2011
Peter Karmanos, Jr.    —      93,108    0.05 %   0.58    05/21/2011
Donald W. Kufe, MD    —      20,000
93,108
5,000
20,000
   0.08 %   0.58
0.65
0.65
0.34
   05/21/2010
03/01/2011
03/01/2011
05/03/2011
Fred H. Mermelstein, PhD    6,792,053    38,914
381,921
76,478
39,000
93,108
20,000
   4.06 %   0.55
0.717
0.43
0.34
0.65
0.58
   06/23/2007
11/20/2007
12/19/2008
05/03/2010
03/01/2011
05/21/2011
Peter Morand, PhD    211,876    200,000
400,000
39,000
93,108
20,000
   0.53 %   0.3275
0.75
0.34
0.65
0.58
   02/25/2007
02/25/2007
05/03/2010
03/01/2011
05/21/2011

 

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Name


   Common
Shares Held
Directly


   Options and
Warrants
Outstanding


   % of
Outstanding
Common
Stock as of
February 28,
2005(1)


    Exercise
Price


   Expiration
Date


Robin Norris, MD    18,000    600,000
200,000
378,000
182,000
   0.75 %   0.33
0.34
0.45
0.58
   12/12/2008
05/03/2010
12/30/2010
05/21/2011
Arthur T. Porter, MD, MBA    —      93,108
20,000
10,000
   0.07 %   0.65
0.58
0.39
   03/01/2011
05/21/2011
12/17/2011
Dr. Brian E. Huber         750,000    0.41 %   0.39    10/25/2011
James A. Klein, Jr., CPA    —      1,000,000
75,000
25,000
   0.60 %   0.53
0.58
0.39
   04/26/2011
05/21/2011
12/17/2011
Rajesh K. Malik, MD    —      750,000    0.41 %   0.40    08/20/2011
D. Scott Murray, BScPharm, LLB, MBA    —      150,000
50,000
59,850
40,000
90,000
   0.21 %   0.35
0.49
0.45
0.58
0.39
   02/12/2010
12/19/2010
12/30/2010
05/21/2011
12/17/2011
All executive officers and directors as a group (twelve persons)    8,061,482    15,625,351    11.94 %         

(1) In computing the percentage of outstanding common stock owned by a person, we have deemed common stock subject to options or warrants held by that person (vested and unvested) to be outstanding, but we have not deemed those shares to be outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Ownership percentage is based on 182,677,535 shares of our common stock outstanding as of February 28, 2005.

 

Adherex Stock Option Plan

 

Our Adherex Stock Option Plan is intended to encourage the ownership of common stock by our employees, directors and key consultants and to provide additional incentive for such persons to promote our success in a highly competitive business environment. As of February 28, 2005, 20,000,000 shares of common stock have been reserved for issuance upon exercise of options issuable under our Stock Option Plan, of which options to purchase 15,310,803 shares of common stock have been granted to employees, directors, and key consultants and are outstanding, and 107,000 shares of common stock have been issued pursuant to stock option exercises.

 

Options to purchase common stock are granted in accordance with the terms of our Stock Option Plan. Pursuant to this Plan and the charter of the Compensation Committee, the Compensation Committee has the authority to approve those individuals of the Company to whom options will be granted and the number of options to be granted. The exercise price for purchasing common stock under our Stock Option Plan is fixed based upon the closing price of our common stock on the Toronto Stock Exchange on the day immediately preceding the date of grant.

 

In addition to the options to purchase common stock pursuant to our Stock Option Plan, on December 16, 2003, our shareholders approved the grant to Dr. William Peters of options to purchase 3,500,000 shares of common stock, having an exercise price equal to the market price of the our common stock on the Toronto Stock Exchange

 

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on the date of the grant and a term of seven years from the date of grant. For further information concerning Dr. Peters’ option grants, see “—Employee Agreements and Termination Provisions.”

 

ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

A. Major shareholders

 

As used in this section, a “beneficial owner” is any person who, even if not the record owner of securities, has or shares the underlying benefits of ownership. These benefits include the power to direct the voting or the disposition of the securities or to receive the economic benefit of ownership of the securities. A person also is considered to be the beneficial owner of securities that he or she has the right to acquire within 60 days by option or other agreement. Beneficial owners include person who hold their securities through one or more trustees, brokers, agents, legal representatives or other intermediaries, or through companies in which they have a “controlling interest,” which means the direct or indirect power to direct the management and policies of the entity. In this section, ownership percentage is based on 182,677,535 shares of our common stock outstanding as of February 28, 2005.

 

To our knowledge, as at the date of this Transition Report, the only persons who beneficially own, directly or indirectly, or exercise control or direction over voting securities of the Company carrying more than 5% of the voting rights of the total issued and outstanding shares of the Company are as follows:

 

Name


   Number of Voting Securities Owned

 
   Common Stock

    Percentage of Class

 

HBM BioVentures (Cayman) Ltd.

   34,445,380 (1)   15.9 %

The VenGrowth Advanced Life Sciences Fund Inc.

   29,919,136 (2)   14.1 %

OrbiMed Advisors LLC

   22,815,378 (3)   11.1 %

(1) Includes a warrant to purchase 535,714 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.43, expiring December 3, 2007, a warrant to purchase 9,416,430 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.43, expiring December 19, 2008 and a warrant to purchase 1,886,793 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.70, expiring May 20, 2007.

 

(2) Includes a warrant to purchase 7,142,857 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.43, expiring December 19, 2008 and a warrant to purchase 2,830,188 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.70, expiring May 20, 2007.

 

(3) Includes a warrant to purchase 5,725,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.43, expiring December 19, 2008 and a warrant to purchase 1,866,793 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.70, expiring May 20, 2007.

 

The above shareholders do not have different voting rights from any other shareholder of the Company. HBM BioVentures (Cayman) Ltd. does, however, have the right to appoint a nominee for election to the Board by our shareholders and the right to have an observer to attend, but not vote at, our Board meetings. To date, HBM BioVentures (Cayman) Ltd. has never sent an observer to any of our Board meetings, and has informed us that it does not intend to send any observers in the future. Currently, Dr. Porter is the director nominated by HBM Bioventures (Cayman) Ltd. He has no affiliation with HBM BioVentures (Cayman) Ltd.

 

During the past three years, the following significant changes occurred in the percentage ownership of the major shareholders listed in the table above. On December 19, 2003, HBM BioVentures (Cayman) Ltd. beneficially owned 17.8% of our common stock, The VenGrowth Advanced Life Sciences Fund Inc. beneficially owned 13.5% of our common stock, and OrbiMed Advisors LLC beneficially owned 10.9% of our common stock, in each case as the result of acquisitions of common stock and warrants in financings we completed in December 2003. On May 20, 2004, HBM BioVentures (Cayman) Ltd. beneficially owned 18.0% of our common stock, The VenGrowth Advanced Life Sciences Fund Inc. beneficially owned 15.8% of our common stock, and OrbiMed Advisors LLC beneficially owned 12.2% of our common stock, in each case as a result of acquiring common stock and warrants in the financing we completed in May 2004.

 

As of February 2004, (i) 88 of the record holders of our common stock were citizens or residents of the United States, or corporations created or organized in or under the laws of the United States and (ii) 41% of our total

 

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outstanding common stock was directly or indirectly held of record by U.S. residents, in each case calculated in accordance with Rule 3b-4(c) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

We are not controlled directly or indirectly by any other corporation or any other foreign government or by any other natural or legal person, severally or jointly.

 

There are no arrangements the operation of which at a subsequent date may result in a change in our control.

 

B. Related party transactions

 

In accordance with the CBCA, directors who have a material interest in any person who is a party to a material contract or a proposed material contract with us are required, subject to certain exceptions, to disclose that interest and abstain from voting on any resolution to approve that contract.

 

Robin Norris, an officer and director of Adherex, and Raymond Hession and Peter Morand, directors of Adherex, are each former directors and shareholders of CBI. William Peters is also a former shareholder of CBI. CBI was originally incorporated as a wholly owned subsidiary of Adherex, and in exchange for rights to Adherex’s non-cancer intellectual property assets and $250,000 in cash, Adherex received preferred shares of CBI.

 

In February 2004, we filed a claim in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice against CBI in the amount CAD$124,000 on account of unpaid goods and services rendered. In July 2004, CBI filed a statement of defense and counterclaim in response to such claim. CBI’s counterclaim sought CAD$5 million in damages in relation to the license agreement between the parties. In July 2004, in an effort to reacquire rights to the non-cancer applications relating to the cadherin technology and settle our litigation with CBI, we entered into a non-binding letter of intent to acquire all of the issued and outstanding shares of CBI through an amalgamation of CBI with a wholly-owned subsidiary of Adherex formed for this purpose. On December 3, 2004, we completed the acquisition of CBI. Pursuant to the terms of the amalgamation, we issued to CBI shareholders approximately 3.2 million shares of Adherex common stock valued at CAD$1.5 million based on a 20-day weighted average trading price. This common stock was issued for exchange for all of the issued and outstanding stock of CBI, or approximately 0.069 shares of Adherex common stock for each share of CBI preferred stock outstanding (subject to any claims made against the 500,000 shares of Adherex common stock being held in escrow). Immediately prior to the acquisition, Mr. Hession owned 277,500 preferred shares of CBI, Dr. Morand owned 200,000 preferred shares of CBI, Dr. Norris owned 18,000 preferred shares of CBI, and Dr. Peters owned 100 preferred shares of CBI, and they are thus entitled to receive in the aggregate approximately 34,000 shares of Adherex Technologies Inc. stock pursuant to the terms of the amalgamation.

 

C. Interests of experts and counsel

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

A. Consolidated statements and other financial information

 

Please see Item 18, “Financial Statements” for a list of the financial statements filed as part of this Transition Report.

 

In Six-Month Fiscal Transition 2004, we did not receive revenue from exports.

 

We have not been involved in any material legal or arbitration proceedings, including bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings, other than our litigation with CBI described in Item 4.A., “Information on the Company—History and development of the Company.” To our knowledge, there has been no proceedings with third parties which may have, or have had in the recent past, significant effects on our financial positions or profitability.

 

Other than the Class A Preferred Shares of CBI which were distributed as a dividend in November 2002, we have neither declared nor paid dividends on any of our outstanding common stock, and do not intend to do so in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain any future earnings to finance the expansion of our business. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend upon our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, as well as any other factors deemed relevant by our Board.

 

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B. Significant changes

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING

 

A. Offer and listing details

 

The issued and outstanding shares of our common stock are listed and posted for trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the trading symbol “AHX” and on the American Stock Exchange under the trading symbol “ADH.” Our shares of common stock are registered shares on the books of our transfer agent.

 

Computershare Investor Services Inc., 100 University Avenue, 9th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, M5J 2Y1 is the transfer agent and registrar for the Company’s common stock in Canada and the United States (through a U.S. affiliate). There are no transfer restrictions apart the requirement that any transfers comply with applicable securities laws and the rules of applicable securities exchanges.

 

The following tables sets forth information regarding the price history of our common stock on the Toronto Stock Exchange and the American Stock Exchange for the periods indicated:

 

(1) the annual high and low market closing prices, and average daily trading volume on the Toronto Stock Exchange and the American Stock Exchange, for the five most recent full financial years, including the last six months:

 

     Toronto Stock Exchange
(in Canadian dollars)


   American Stock Exchange (1)
(in U.S. dollars)


     High $

   Low $

   Volume

   High $

   Low $

   Volume

Six-Month Fiscal Transition 2004

   0.52    0.35    108,302    0.38    0.29    51,551

Fiscal 2004

   0.79    0.38    95,454    0.44    0.31    59,265

Fiscal 2003

   0.59    0.30    40,829    N/A    N/A    N/A

Fiscal 2002

   1.08    0.30    68,286    N/A    N/A    N/A

Fiscal 2001

   N/A    N/A    N/A    N/A    N/A    N/A

 

(1) The Company began trading on the American Stock Exchange on November 12, 2004.

 

(2) the quarterly high and low market closing prices, and average daily trading volume on the Toronto Stock Exchange and the American Stock Exchange, for the two most recent full financial years and any subsequent period:

 

     Toronto Stock Exchange
(in Canadian dollars)


   American Stock Exchange (1)
(in U.S. dollars)


     High $

   Low $

   Volume

   High $

   Low $

   Volume

Six-Month Fiscal Transition 2004:

                             

Quarter ended 12/31/04

   0.52    0.38    107,275    0.44    0.31    59,265

Quarter ended 9/30/04

   0.50    0.35    109,317    N/A    N/A    N/A

Fiscal 2004:

                             

Quarter ended 6/30/04

   0.63    0.41    107,775    N/A    N/A    N/A

Quarter ended 3/31/04

   0.79    0.50    191,653    N/A    N/A    N/A

Quarter ended 12/31/03

   0.50    0.38    43,257    N/A    N/A    N/A

Quarter ended 9/30/03

   0.54    0.46    37,603    N/A    N/A    N/A

 

(1) The Company began trading on the American Stock Exchange on November 12, 2004.

 

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(3) the high and low market closing prices, and average daily trading volume on the Toronto Stock Exchange, for the most recent six months:

 

     Toronto Stock Exchange
(in Canadian dollars)


   American Stock Exchange (1)
(in U.S. dollars)


     High $

   Low $

   Volume

   High $

   Low $

   Volume

February 2005

   .38    .34    73,925    .31    .29    38,515

January 2005

   .44    .37    43,425    .38    .30    62,475

December 2004

   .47    .38    134,667    .40    .31    42,586

November 2004

   .52    .44    95,118    .44    .40    34,773

October 2004

   .45    .38    91,885    —      —      —  

September 2004

   .45    .35    152,033    —      —      —  

 

(1) The Company began trading on the American Stock Exchange on November 12, 2004.

 

B. Plan of distribution

 

Not applicable.

 

C. Markets

 

The Company’s common stock is traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol “AHX” and on the American Stock Exchange under the trading symbol “ADH.”

 

D. Selling shareholders

 

Not applicable.

 

E. Dilution

 

Not applicable.

 

F. Expenses of the issue

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

A. Share capital

 

Not applicable.

 

B. Memorandum and articles of association

 

Item 10.B of the Company’s Form 20-F/A dated November 5, 2004 is incorporated herein by reference.

 

C. Material contracts

 

The Company has not entered into any further material contracts, other than contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business, in the last two calendar years other than those previously reported in our Form 20-F/A dated November 5, 2004.

 

D. Exchange controls

 

There are currently no limitations imposed by Canadian federal or provincial laws on the rights of non-resident or foreign owners of Canadian securities to hold or vote the securities held by such persons in the Company, other than are provided in the Investment Canada Act, as described below. There are also no such limitations imposed by the Company’s Articles and By-laws with respect to the common stock.

 

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Investment Canada Act

 

Under the Investment Canada Act, the acquisition of control by a “non-Canadian” of a Canadian business that carries on most types of business activities (including the business activity carried on by the Company) is subject to review in certain circumstances by the Investment Review Division of Industry Canada (“Industry Canada”), a Canadian federal government department, and will not be allowed unless the investment is found by the Minister responsible for Industry Canada likely to be of “net benefit” to Canada. On the other hand, the acquisition of control of a Canadian business which carries on a specific type of business activity, as prescribed, that is related to Canada’s cultural heritage or national identity by a non-Canadian is subject to review in certain circumstances by the Department of Canadian Heritage.

 

Subject to the provisions relating to so-called WTO transactions as described below, an acquisition of control will be reviewable by Industry Canada if the “value of the assets” of the Canadian business for which control is being acquired is: (a) $5.0 million or more in the case of a “direct” acquisition; (b) $50.0 million or more in the case of an “indirect” acquisition, which is a transaction involving the acquisition of the shares of a corporation incorporated outside Canada which owns subsidiaries in Canada; or (c) $5.0 million or more but less than $50.0 million where the Canadian assets acquired constitute more than 50% of the value of the assets of all entities acquired, if the acquisition is effected through the acquisition of control of a foreign corporation.

 

These thresholds have been increased respecting the acquisition of control of a Canadian business (1) by investors which are ultimately controlled by nationals of countries which are members of the World Trade Organization (“WTO”), including Americans; or (2) which is a WTO member-controlled (other than Canadian controlled) Canadian business (either, a “WTO transaction”). A direct acquisition in WTO transactions is reviewable only if it involves the direct acquisition of a Canadian business where the value of the assets is $223.0 million or more for transactions closing in 2003 (this figure is adjusted annually to reflect the increase in the Canadian nominal gross domestic product at market prices). Indirect acquisitions in WTO transactions are not reviewable unless the value of the Canadian assets acquired constitutes more than 50% of the value of the assets of all entities acquired, in which case the $223.0 million threshold applies.

 

These increased thresholds applicable in WTO transactions do not apply to the acquisition of control of a Canadian business that is engaged in certain sensitive areas such as uranium production, financial services, transportation services or culture businesses.

 

Even if such acquisition of control is not so reviewable, a non-Canadian must still give notice to Industry Canada of the acquisition of control of a Canadian business within 30 days after its completion.

 

Competition Act (Canada)

 

Under the Competition Act, certain transactions are subject to the pre-notification requirements of the Competition Act whereby notification of the transaction and specific information in connection therewith must be provided to the Commissioner of Competition. A transaction may not be completed until the applicable statutory waiting periods have expired, namely 14 days for a short-form filing or 42 days for a long-form filing. Where the parties elect to file a short-form notification, the Commissioner may convert the filing to a long-form, thereby restarting the clock once the parties submit their filing.

 

A proposed transaction is subject to pre-notification if two thresholds are exceeded. First, the parties and their affiliates must have assets in Canada or gross revenues from sales in, from or into Canada that exceed $400.0 million in aggregate value. Second, the parties to a transaction involving a corporation which carries on an “operating business” in Canada must then notify the Commissioner of Competition in cases where: (a) in respect of a proposed acquisition of assets of an operating business (defined in the Competition Act (Canada) as a business undertaking in Canada to which employees employed in connection with the undertaking ordinarily report for work), the value of the assets or the annual gross revenues from sales in or from Canada generated from those assets would exceed $35.0 million; (b) in respect of a proposed acquisition of voting shares of a corporation carrying on an operating business, the value of the assets of the acquired corporation or the annual gross revenues from sales in or from Canada generated from those assets would exceed $35.0 million, and the persons acquiring the shares would acquire an interest in the corporation exceeding either 20% in the case of a public corporation or 35% in the case of a private corporation. If the parties already surpass the 20% or the 35% threshold, and make a subsequent share

 

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purchase which results in their owning more than a 50% interest, then the subsequent transaction also requires notification; (c) in the case of a corporate amalgamation, where one or more of the corporations carries on an operating business, the value of the assets of the continuing corporation or the annual gross revenues sales in or from Canada generated from those assets would exceed $70.0 million; or (d) in the case of a proposed combination, the value of the assets of the continuing business or the annual gross revenues from sales in or from Canada generated from those assets would exceed $35.0 million.

 

Finally, all merger transactions, regardless of whether they are subject to pre-notification, are subject to the substantive provisions of the Competition Act, namely whether the proposed merger prevents or lessens, or is likely to prevent or lessen, competition substantially in a relevant market in Canada.

 

E. Taxation

 

This section summarizes the material U.S. federal and Canadian federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of the common stock. Nothing contained herein shall be construed as tax advice; you must rely only on the advice of your own tax advisor. The Company makes no assurances as to the applicability of any tax laws with respect to any individual investment. This summary relating to the common stock applies to the beneficial owners who are individuals, corporations, trusts and estates which:

 

    at all relevant times are: (i) U.S. persons for purposes of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, through the date hereof (the “Code”), (ii) non-residents of Canada for purposes of the Income Tax Act (Canada) (the “Income Tax Act”) and (iii) residents of the United States for purposes of, and entitled to all the benefits under, the Canada-United States Income Tax Convention (1980), as amended through the date hereof (the “Tax Treaty”);

 

    hold common stock as capital assets for purposes of the Code and capital property for the purposes of the Income Tax Act;

 

    deal at arm’s length with, and are not affiliated with, the Company for purposes of the Income Tax Act; and

 

    do not and will not use or hold the common stock in carrying on a business in Canada.

 

Persons who satisfy the above conditions are referred to as “U.S. Shareholders.”

 

The tax consequences of an investment in common stock by persons who are not U.S. Shareholders may differ materially from the tax consequences discussed in this section. The Income Tax Act contains rules relating to securities held by some financial institutions. This Transition Report does not discuss these rules, and holders that are financial institutions should consult their own tax advisors. This discussion is based upon the following, all as currently in effect:

 

    the Income Tax Act and regulations under the Income Tax Act;

 

    the Code and Treasury regulations under the Code;

 

    the Canada-United States Income Tax Convention (1980);

 

    the administrative policies and practices published by the Canada Customs and Revenue Agency, formerly Revenue Canada;

 

    all specific proposals to amend the Income Tax Act and the regulations under the Income Tax Act that have been publicly announced by or on behalf of the Minister of Finance (Canada) prior to the date of this report;

 

    the administrative policies published by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service; and

 

    judicial decisions.

 

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All of the foregoing is subject to change either prospectively or retroactively. This summary does not take into account estate or gift tax laws, the tax laws of the various provinces or territories of Canada or the tax laws of the various state and local jurisdictions of the United States or foreign jurisdictions.

 

This discussion summarizes the material U.S. federal and Canadian federal income tax considerations of the ownership and disposition of common stock. This discussion does not address all possible tax consequences relating to an investment in common stock. No account has been taken of your particular circumstances and this summary does not address consequences peculiar to you if you are subject to special provisions of U.S. or Canadian income tax law (including, without limitation, dealers in securities or foreign currency, tax-exempt entities, banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions, persons that hold common stock as part of a “straddle,” “hedge” or “conversion transaction,” and U.S. Shareholders that have a “functional currency” other than the U.S. dollar or that own common stock through a partnership or other pass through entity). Therefore, you should consult your own tax advisor regarding the tax consequences of purchasing common stock.

 

Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations

 

Subject to the discussion below regarding Foreign Personal Holding Company Rules, Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules and Controlled Foreign Corporation Rules, this section summarizes U.S. federal income tax consequences of ownership and disposition of the common stock.

 

U.S. Shareholders are generally required to include in income dividend distributions, if any, paid by the Company to the extent of the Company’s current or accumulated earnings and profits attributable to the distribution as computed based on U.S. income tax principles. The amount of any cash distribution paid in Canadian dollars will be equal to the U.S. dollar value of the Canadian dollars on the date of distribution based on the exchange rate on such date, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted to U.S. dollars and without reduction for Canadian withholding tax. For a discussion of Canadian withholding taxes applicable to dividends paid by the Company, see “Material Canadian Federal Income Tax Considerations.” You will generally be entitled to a foreign tax credit or deduction in an amount equal to the Canadian tax withheld. To the extent distributions paid by the Company on the common stock exceed the Company’s current or accumulated earnings and profits, they will be treated first as a return of capital up to your adjusted tax basis in the shares and then as capital gain from the sale or exchange of the shares.

 

On May 28, 2003, the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 (the “2003 Act”) was signed into law. In general, the 2003 Act reduces the maximum rate of U.S. federal income tax on dividends paid to non-corporate U.S. holders to 15% for tax years from 2003 to 2008. In order to qualify for the reduced tax rates on dividends, a non-corporate shareholder must satisfy certain holding period requirements and must not be under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. In some circumstances, this holding period may be increased. Additionally, the new tax rates do not apply to dividends, which a non-corporate shareholder elects to treat as investment income for purposes of Section 163(d)(4) of the Code.

 

Dividends received from a “qualified foreign corporation” are eligible for the reduced dividends tax rates under the 2003 Act. In general, a Canadian corporation entitled to all the benefits of the Tax Treaty will be treated as a qualified foreign corporation. In addition, a foreign corporation will be treated as a qualified foreign corporation with respect to any dividend paid by that corporation if the stock with respect to which the dividend is paid is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. Regardless of the above rules, however, a foreign corporation will not be treated as a qualified foreign corporation if, for the taxable year of the corporation in which the dividend was paid, or the preceding taxable year, the corporation is classified for U.S. tax purposes as a foreign personal holding company (“FPHC”) or a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”). Accordingly, any dividends paid by us in a year that we are a FPHC or a PFIC or in the next taxable year would not qualify for the reduced tax rates on dividends paid to non-corporate U.S. holders under the 2003 Act. As discussed below under “Foreign Personal Holding Company Rules” and “Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules,” we have determined that we are a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes and likely will continue to be a PFIC at least until we develop a source of significant operating revenues.

 

Dividends paid by the Company generally will constitute foreign source dividend income and “passive income” for purposes of the foreign tax credit, which could reduce the amount of foreign tax credits available to

 

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you. The Code applies various limitations on the amount of foreign tax credits that may be available to a U.S. tax payer.

 

Because of the complexity of those limitations, you should consult your own tax advisor with respect to the availability of foreign tax credits.

 

Dividends paid by the Company on the common stock generally will not be eligible for the “dividend received” deduction.

 

If you sell the common stock, you generally will recognize gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized on the sale and your adjusted tax basis in the shares. Any such gain or loss will be long-term or short-term capital gain or loss, depending on whether the shares have been held by you for more than one year, and will generally be U.S. source gain or loss.

 

Dividends paid by the Company on the common stock generally will be subject to U.S. information reporting, and a backup withholding tax may apply unless you furnish the paying agent or middleman with a duly completed and signed Form W-9. You will be allowed a refund or a credit equal to any amount withheld under the U.S. backup withholding tax rules against your U.S. federal income tax liability, provided you furnish the required information to the Internal Revenue Service.

 

Foreign Personal Holding Company Rules

 

Special U.S. tax rules apply to a shareholder of a foreign personal holding company or FPHC. Furthermore, as discussed above, dividends from a FPHC do not qualify for the reduced tax rates on dividends paid to non-corporate U.S. holders under the 2003 Act. The Company would be classified as a FPHC in any taxable year if both of the following tests are satisfied:

 

    five or fewer individuals who are U.S. citizens or residents own or are deemed to own more than 50% of the total voting power of all classes of the Company’s stock entitled to vote or the total value of the Company’s stock; and

 

    at least 50% (60% in the first year that the Company is classified as a FPHC) of the Company’s gross income consists of “foreign personal holding company income,” which generally includes passive income such as dividends, interest, gains from the sale or exchange of stock or securities, rents and royalties.

 

The Company believes that it is not a FPHC. However, the Company cannot assure you that the Company will not be classified as a FPHC in the future.

 

Personal Holding Company Rules

 

The Company will not be classified as a personal holding company (a “PHC”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes unless at any time during the last half of the Company’s taxable year, five or fewer individuals (without regard to their citizenship or residency) own or are deemed to own (pursuant to certain attribution rules) more than 50% of the Company’s stock by value, and at least 60% of the Company’s ordinary gross income for the taxable year is “personal holding company income” (generally passive income such as dividends and interest). If the Company is classified as a PHC, the corporation may be liable for the U.S. PHC tax on the Company’s U.S. source undistributed PHC income. The Company should not meet the PHC tests, and even if the Company were to become a PHC, it does not expect to have material undistributed PHC income. However, the Company cannot assure you that it will not become a PHC because of uncertainties regarding the application of the constructive ownership rules and the possibility of changes in its shareholder base and income or other circumstances that could change the application of the PHC rules to the Company. In addition, if the Company should become a PHC, the Company cannot assure you that the amount of its PHC income will be immaterial.

 

Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules

 

The passive foreign investment company or PFIC provisions of the Code can have significant tax effects on U.S. Shareholders. The Company will be classified as a PFIC for any taxable year, if, after the application of certain “look through” rules, either:

 

    75% or more of the Company’s gross income is “passive income,” which includes interest, dividends and certain rents and royalties; or

 

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    the average quarterly percentage, by fair market value of the Company’s assets that produce or are held for the production of “passive income,” is 50% or more of the fair market value of all the Company’s assets.

 

Based upon our review of our financial data for the current and prior fiscal years, we have determined that we are currently a PFIC and likely will continue to be a PFIC at least until we develop a source of significant operating revenues.

 

Our classification as a PFIC for any period during a U.S. Shareholder’s holding period for our shares, absent the holder validly making one of the elections described below, would generally require the U.S. Shareholder to treat all “excess distributions” received during such holding period with respect to those shares as if those amounts were ordinary income earned ratably over such holding period. Excess distributions for this purpose would include all gain realized on the disposition of the shares as well as certain distributions made by us. Amounts treated under this analysis as earned in the year of the disposition or in any year before the first year in which we are a PFIC would be included in the holder’s ordinary income for the year of the disposition. Additionally, amounts treated as earned in a year of distribution would be included in the holder’s ordinary income for the year of the distribution. All remaining amounts would be subject to tax at the highest ordinary income tax rate that would have been applicable in the year in which such amounts were treated as earned, and interest would be charged on the tax payable with respect to such amounts. In addition, if we are classified as a PFIC, shares acquired from a decedent generally would not receive a “stepped-up” basis but would, instead, have a tax basis equal to the lower of the decedent’s basis or the fair market value of those shares or ADSs on the date of the decedent’s death.

 

The special PFIC tax rules described above will not apply to a U.S. Shareholder if the holder makes a QEF election to have us treated as a qualified electing fund for the first taxable year of the holder’s holding period in which we are a PFIC and we provide certain information to the U.S. Shareholder. A U.S. Shareholder that makes a QEF election with respect to us will be currently taxable on its pro rata share of our ordinary earnings and net capital gain during any years we are a PFIC (at ordinary income and capital gains rates, respectively), regardless of whether or not distributions were received. An electing U.S. Shareholder’s basis in the shares would be increased by the amounts included in income, and subsequent distributions by us of previously included earnings and profits generally would not be treated as a taxable dividend and would result in a corresponding reduction in basis. A U.S. Shareholder making such a timely election will not be taxed on our undistributed earnings and profits for any year that we are not a PFIC. Upon request by a U.S. shareholder, we will provide the information necessary for such holder to make the QEF election.

 

Alternatively, subject to specific limitations, U.S. Shareholders who actually or constructively own marketable shares in a PFIC may make an election under Section 1296 of the Code to mark those shares to market annually, rather than being subject to the above-described rules. Amounts included in or deducted from income under this mark-to-market election and actual gains and losses realized upon disposition, subject to specific limitations, will be treated as ordinary gains or losses. For this purpose, the Company believes that the Company’s shares will be treated as “marketable securities” within the meaning of Section 1296(e)(1) of the Code.

 

As discussed above, dividends from a PFIC do not qualify for the reduced tax rates on dividends paid to non-corporate U.S. Shareholders under the 2003 Act.

 

You should consult your tax advisor with respect to how the PFIC rules affect your tax situation.

 

Controlled Foreign Corporation Rules

 

If more than 50% of the voting power or total value of all classes of the Company’s shares is owned, directly or indirectly, by U.S. shareholders, each of which owns 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of the Company’s shares, the Company could be treated as a controlled foreign corporation (“CFC”) under Subpart F of the Code. This classification would require such 10% or greater shareholders to include in income their pro rata shares of the Company’s “Subpart F Income,” as defined in the Code. In addition, under Section 1248

 

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of the Code, gain from the sale or exchange of shares by a U.S. Shareholder who is or was a 10% or greater shareholder while the Company was a CFC at any time during the five year period ending with the sale or exchange will be ordinary dividend income to the extent of the Company’s earnings and profits attributable to the shares sold or exchanged and not previously taxed under Subpart F.

 

The Company believes that it is not a CFC. However, the Company cannot assure you that the Company will not become a CFC in the future.

 

Material Canadian Federal Income Tax Considerations

 

This section summarizes the material anticipated Canadian federal income tax considerations relevant to the ownership and disposition of the common stock.

 

Under the Income Tax Act, assuming you are a U.S. Shareholder, and provided the common stock is listed on a prescribed stock exchange, which includes the Toronto Stock Exchange and the American Stock Exchange, you will generally not be subject to Canadian tax on a capital gain realized on an actual or deemed disposition of the common stock unless you alone or together with persons with whom you did not deal at arm’s length owned or had rights to acquire 25% or more of the Company’s issued shares of any class at any time during the sixty (60) month period before the actual or deemed disposition.

 

Dividends paid, credited or deemed to have been paid or credited on the common stock to U.S. Shareholders will be subject to a Canadian withholding tax under the Income Tax Act at a rate of 25% of the gross amount of the dividends. Under the Canada-United States Income Tax Convention (1980), the rate of withholding tax on dividends generally applicable to U.S. Shareholders who beneficially own the dividends is reduced to 15%. In the case of U.S. Shareholders that are corporations that beneficially own at least 10% of the Company’s voting shares, the rate of withholding tax on dividends generally is reduced to 5%. United States limited liability companies (“LLCs”) will not be entitled to these reduced rates. Shareholders that are partnerships will be subject to the 25% rate.

 

Canada does not currently impose any federal estate taxes or succession duties. However, if you die, there is a deemed disposition of the common stock held at that time for proceeds of disposition generally equal to the fair market value of the common stock immediately before your death. Capital gains realized on the deemed disposition, if any, will have the income tax consequences described above.

 

F. Dividends and paying agents

 

Not applicable.

 

G. Statement by experts

 

Not applicable.

 

H. Documents on display

 

Upon the effectiveness of this filing, the Company will be subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Company will thereafter file reports and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any of the Company’s reports and other information at, and obtain copies upon payment of prescribed fees from, the Public Reference Room maintained by the SEC at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Room 1024, Washington, D.C. 20549 and at the SEC’s regional offices at Northwestern Atrium Center, 500 West Madison Street, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60661. In addition, the SEC maintains a Web site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.

 

The Company is required to file reports and other information with the securities commissions in each of the Canadian provinces. You are invited to read and copy any reports, statements or other information, other than confidential filings, that the Company files with such provincial securities commissions. These filings are also

 

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electronically available from the Canadian System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (SEDAR) (http://www.sedar.com), the Canadian equivalent of the SEC’s electronic document gathering and retrieval system.

 

As a foreign private issuer, the Company is exempt from the rules under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements to shareholders. The Company has included in this report certain information disclosed in the Company’s Proxy Statement prepared under Canadian securities rules.

 

The Company will provide without charge to each person, including any beneficial owner, on the written or oral request of such person, a copy of any or all documents referred to above which have been or may be incorporated by reference in this report (not including exhibits to such incorporated information that are not specifically incorporated by reference into such information). Requests for such copies should be directed to the Company at the following address: 2300 Englert Drive, Suite G, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27713, Attention: Corporate Secretary.

 

I. Subsidiary information

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

 

Foreign Exchange Risk

 

Historically, the functional currency of the Company has been the Canadian dollar. At December 31, 2004, the Company had approximately $21.1 million in cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments. To date, derivative financial instruments have not been needed or used because funds raised by the Company have been spent primarily in Canadian dollars. Security of principal versus income historically governed investment decisions, with excess funds invested in short term, government backed securities or bankers acceptances.

 

The composition of the Company’s activities is expected to change with the relocation of the Company’s development activities to RTP. This will result in a higher percentage of the Company’s spending being done in the United States. As these amounts are determined, the Company intends to purchase U.S. Dollars at least a few months in advance of any of its commitments. Depending on the financial markets, derivative financial instruments may be used from time to time. However, security of principal versus income will continue to govern investment decisions.

 

ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES

 

Not applicable.

 

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PART II

 

ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES

 

Not Applicable.

 

ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS

 

Not Applicable.

 

ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

 

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the six month transition period covered by this transition report. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures are effective and designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the requisite time periods.

 

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) identified in connection with the evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the six month transition period covered by this transition report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

ITEM 16. RESERVED

 

ITEM 16A.  AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT

 

The Board has determined that Arthur Porter, MD, MBA, who serves on the Audit Committee, qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and is “independent” as defined by the current rules of the American Stock Exchange. See “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Board Practices — Report on Corporate Governance.”

 

ITEM 16B.  CODE OF ETHICS

 

The Board has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applicable to all officers, directors and employees of the Company, including the principal executive officer, the principal financial officer, the principal accounting officer or controller and persons performing similar functions. You can access the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics in the corporate governance section of our website at http://www.adherex.com. See “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Board Practices — Report on Corporate Governance.”

 

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ITEM 16C.  PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

 

The following table presents the aggregate fees for professional services and other services rendered by our independent auditors in Fiscal Year 2004 and the Six-Month Fiscal Transition 2004 period:

 

     Fiscal
Year 2004


   Six-Month
Fiscal
Transition 2004


Audit Fees(1)

   $ 224,165    $ 53,500

Audit-Related Fees(2)

     5,350      0

Tax Fees(3)

     38,520      5,000

All Other Fees(4)

     0      7,000
    

  

Total

   $ 268,035    $ 65,500

 

(1) Audit Fees include fees for the standard audit work that needs to be performed each year in order to issue an opinion on the consolidated financial statements of the Company and to issue reports on the local statutory and regulatory financial statements. It also includes fees for services that can only be provided by the Company’s auditor such as auditing of non-recurring transactions and application of new accounting policies, audits of significant and newly implemented system controls, pre-issuance reviews of quarterly financial results, consents and comfort letters and any other audit services required for U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission or other regulatory filings.

 

(2) Audit Related Fees include fees for those other assurance services provided by auditors but not restricted to those that can only be provided by the auditor signing the audit report.

 

(3) Tax Fees include fees for periodic tax consultations and compliance services in various local, regional and national tax jurisdictions.

 

(4) All Other Fees include fees for services for the tax preparation to certain executives.

 

The Audit Committee has adopted procedures requiring Audit Committee review and approval in advance of all particular engagements for services provided by our independent auditors. Consistent with applicable laws, the procedures permit limited amounts of services, other than audit, review or attest services, to be approved by one or more members of the Audit Committee pursuant to authority delegated by the Audit Committee, provided the Audit Committee is informed of each particular service. All of the engagements and fees for Fiscal Year 2004 and the Six-Month Fiscal Transition 2004 period were approved by the Audit Committee.

 

ITEM 16D.  EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES

 

Not Applicable.

 

ITEM 16E.  PURCHASE OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS

 

There were no purchases made by or on behalf of the Company or any “affiliated purchaser” of the Company’s equity securities.

 

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PART III

 

ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Our financial statements follow the signature page of this Transition Report.

 

ITEM 19. EXHIBITS

 

Exhibit
No.


  

Description


  

Location


1.1    Articles of Amalgamation dated June 29, 2004    Exhibit 1.7 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004
1.2    By-laws of the Company, as amended on November 2, 2004    Exhibit 1.9 to the Form 20-F/A Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed November 5, 2004
*4.1    Adherex Stock Option Plan    Exhibit 4.1 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004
4.2    General Collaboration Agreement, dated as of February 26, 2001, by and between Adherex Technologies Inc. and McGill University LLP    Exhibit 4.1 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004
4.3    Exclusive License Agreement, dated as of April 13, 2001, by and between Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, and Oxiquant, Inc.    Exhibit 4.3 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004
4.4    Amendment No. 1, dated as of November 19, 2002, by and between Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, and Oxiquant, Inc.    Exhibit 4.4 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004
4.5    Exclusive License Agreement, dated as of September 26, 2002, by and between Oregon Health & Science University and Oxiquant, Inc.    Exhibit 4.5 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004
4.6    Merger Agreement, dated as of October 2, 2002, by and between Adherex Technologies Inc., Adherex, Inc. and Oxiquant, Inc.    Exhibit 4.6 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004
4.7    Exclusive License Agreement, dated as of November 14, 2002, by and between Adherex Technologies Inc. and Cadherin Biomedical Inc.    Exhibit 4.7 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004
4.8    Lease Agreement, dated as of March 8, 2004, by and between Realmark-Commercial, LLC and Adherex, Inc.    Exhibit 4.8 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004

 

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Exhibit
No.


  

Description


  

Location


4.9    Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of December 19, 2003, by and between Adherex Technologies Inc. and HBM BioVentures (Cayman) Ltd.    Exhibit 4.9 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004
*4.10    Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of December 12, 2001, by and between Adherex Technologies Inc. and Robin J. Norris    Exhibit 4.10 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004
*4.11    Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of January 27, 2003, by and between Adherex Technologies Inc. and D. Scott Murray    Exhibit 4.11 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004
*4.12    Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of February 19, 2003, by and between Adherex Technologies Inc. and William P. Peters, MD, PhD, MBA    Exhibit 4.12 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004
*4.13    Executive Employment Agreement, dated April 21, 2004, by and between Adherex, Inc. and James A. Klein, Jr.    Exhibit 4.13 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004
*4.14    Employment Agreement, dated as of August 9, 2004, by and between Adherex, Inc. and Rajesh K. Malik    Exhibit 4.14 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004
4.15    Placement Agent Warrant issued to Paramount Capital, Inc., dated November 20, 2002    Exhibit 4.15 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004
4.16    Form of Common Stock Warrant, dated November 20, 2002    Exhibit 4.16 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004
4.17    Form of Placement Agent Common Stock Warrant, dated June 23, 2003    Exhibit 4.17 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004
4.18    Form of Insider Common Stock Warrant, dated June 23, 2003    Exhibit 4.18 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004
4.19    Form of Non-Insider Common Stock Warrant, dated June 23, 2003s    Exhibit 4.19 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004
4.20    Form of Placement Agent Common Stock Warrant, dated December 3, 2003    Exhibit 4.20 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004
4.21    Form of Common Stock Warrant, dated December 3, 2003    Exhibit 4.21 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004

 

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Exhibit
No.


  

Description


  

Location


4.22    Common Stock Warrant issued to HBM BioVentures (Cayman) Ltd., dated December 3, 2003    Exhibit 4.22 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004
4.23    Form of Placement Agent Common Stock Warrant, dated December 19, 2003    Exhibit 4.23 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004
4.24    Form of Common Stock Warrant, dated December 19, 2003    Exhibit 4.24 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004
4.25    Common Stock Warrant issued to The Vengrowth Advanced Life Sciences Fund Inc., dated December 19, 2003    Exhibit 4.25 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004
4.26    Common Stock Warrant issued to HBM BioVentures (Cayman) Ltd., dated December 19, 2003    Exhibit 4.26 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004
4.27    Form of Common Stock Warrant, dated May 20, 2004    Exhibit 4.27 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004
*4.28    Employment Agreement, dated as of October 25, 2004, by and between Adherex, Inc. and Brian E. Huber, Ph.D.    Exhibit 4.28 to the Form 20-F/A Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed November 5, 2004
4.29    Second Amendment to Lease Agreement dated September 14, 2004 between Realmark Commercial LLC and Adherex, Inc.    Exhibit 4.29 to the Form 20-F/A Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed November 5, 2004
8    Subsidiaries    Exhibit 8 to the Form 20-F Registration Statement (No. 001-32295) of Adherex, filed September 17, 2004
12.1    Certification of Chief Executive Officer of the Company in accordance with Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002    Filed herewith
12.2    Certification of Chief Financial Officer of the Company in accordance with Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002    Filed herewith
13    Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company in accordance with Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002    Filed herewith
14    Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP    Filed herewith

* Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan.

 

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SIGNATURES

 

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this Transition Report on its behalf.

 

ADHEREX TECHNOLOGIES INC.
    /s/    JAMES A. KLEIN, JR.        
By:   James A. Klein, Jr.
Its:   Chief Financial Officer

 

Date: March 31, 2005

 

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Management’s Statement of Responsibility

 

To the Shareholders of Adherex Technologies Inc.

 

Management is responsible for the preparation and presentation of the consolidated financial statements. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles and reflect management’s best estimates and judgments.

 

Management has developed and maintains a system of internal controls to provide reasonable assurance that all assets are safeguarded and to facilitate the preparation of relevant, reliable and timely financial information. Consistent with the concept of reasonable assurance, the Company recognizes that the relative cost of maintaining these controls should not exceed their expected benefits.

 

The Audit Committee, which is comprised of independent directors, reviews the consolidated financial statements, considers the report of the external auditors, assesses the adequacy of the Company’s internal controls and recommends to the Board of Directors the independent auditors for appointment by the shareholders. The consolidated financial statements were reviewed by the Audit Committee and approved by the Board of Directors.

 

The consolidated financial statements were audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, the external auditors, in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) on behalf of the shareholders.

 

/s/ William P. Peters

     

/s/ James A. Klein Jr.

William P. Peters, MD PhD MBA

     

James A. Klein, Jr.

Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

     

Chief Financial Officer

 

February 11, 2005

 


Table of Contents

 

To the Shareholders of Adherex Technologies Inc.

 

We have audited the consolidated balance sheets of Adherex Technologies Inc. at December 31, 2004, June 30, 2004 and June 30, 2003 and the consolidated statements of operations, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the six months ended December 31, 2004 and for the years ended June 30, 2004, 2003 and 2002 and for the period from September 3, 1996 to December 31, 2004. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards in Canada and the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform an audit to obtain reasonable assurance whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.

 

In our opinion, these consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2004, June 30, 2004 and 2003 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the six months ended December 31, 2004 and for the years ended June 30, 2004, 2003 and 2002 and for the period from September 3, 1996 to December 31, 2004 in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles.

 

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

 

Chartered Accountants

Ottawa, Canada

February 11, 2005

 

Comments by Auditors for U.S. Readers on Canada-U.S. Reporting Difference

 

In the United States, reporting standards for auditors require the addition of an explanatory paragraph (following the opinion paragraph) when there are changes in accounting principles that have a material effect on the comparability of the Company’s financial statements, such as the changes described in note 9 (stock-based compensation) to the financial statements. Our report to the shareholders dated February 11, 2005 is expressed in accordance with Canadian reporting standards which do not require a reference to such a change in accounting principles in the auditors’ report when the change is properly accounted for and adequately disclosed in the financial statements.

 

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

 

Chartered Accountants

Ottawa, Canada

February 11, 2005

 


Table of Contents

 

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

     December 31,
2004


    June 30,

 
       2004

    2003

 

Assets

                        

Current assets

                        

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 21,030     $ 18,228     $ 2,898  

Cash pledged as collateral

     90       42       300  

Short-term investments

     —         9,478       —    

Accounts receivable

     21       52       30  

Investment tax credits recoverable

     303       375       539  

Prepaid expense

     13       160       143  

Other current assets

     101       561       579  
    


 


 


Total current assets

     21,558       28,896       4,489  

Other long-term assets

     12       50       167  

Capital assets

     785       561       655  

Acquired intellectual property rights

     24,572       26,132       29,252  
    


 


 


Total assets

   $ 46,927     $ 55,639     $ 34,563  
    


 


 


Liabilities and shareholders’ equity

                        

Current liabilities

                        

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

   $ 2,141     $ 1,966     $ 1,465  
    


 


 


Total current liabilities

     2,141       1,966       1,465  

Other long-term liabilities

     169       124       192  

Liability component of convertible notes

     —         —         1,591  

Future income taxes

     8,982       9,552       10,692  
    


 


 


Total liabilities

     11,292       11,642       13,940  

Commitments and contingencies

                        

Shareholders’ equity

                        

Common stock, no par value; unlimited shares authorized; 182,677 shares, 179,457 shares and 80,346 shares issued and outstanding, respectively

     49,255       48,343       25,550  

Contributed surplus

     32,577       29,639       17,410  

Deficit accumulated during development stage

     (46,197 )     (33,985 )     (22,337 )
    


 


 


Total shareholders’ equity

     35,635       43,997       20,623  
    


 


 


Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

   $ 46,927     $ 55,639     $ 34,563  
    


 


 


 

Signed on behalf of the Board of Directors

       

/s/ Arthur T. Porter

     

/s/ Peter Morand

Arthur T. Porter

     

Peter Morand

Director

     

Director

 

(The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements)

 

F-1


Table of Contents

 

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Consolidated Statements of Operations

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

     Six Months
Ended
December 31,
2004


    Years Ended June 30,

   

Cumulative
From
September 3,
1996 to
December 31,

2004


 
       2004

    2003

    2002

   

Revenue

   $ —       $ —       $ —       $ —       $ —    

Operating expenses:

                                        

Research and development

     4,352       4,783       4,145       4,332       22,750  

General and administration

     3,333       4,658       3,014       1,796       16,140  

Amortization of acquired intellectual property rights

     1,560       3,120       1,910       —         6,590  
    


 


 


 


 


Loss from operations

     (9,245 )     (12,561 )     (9,069 )     (6,128 )     (45,480 )

Settlement of Cadherin Biomedical Inc. litigation

     (1,622 )     —         —         —         (1,622 )

Other income

     —         —         —         154       154  

Interest income

     216       217       107       333       1,184  

Interest expense

     —         (444 )     (16 )     —         (460 )
    


 


 


 


 


       (1,406 )     (227 )     91       487       (744 )

Loss before income taxes

     (10,651 )     (12,788 )     (8,978 )     (5,641 )     (46,224 )

Recovery of future income taxes

     570       1,140       698       —         2,408  
    


 


 


 


 


Net loss

   $ (10,081 )   $ (11,648 )   $ (8,280 )   $ (5,641 )   $ (43,816 )
    


 


 


 


 


Net loss per share of common stock, basic and diluted

   $ (0.06 )   $ (0.10 )   $ (0.13 )   $ (0.14 )        
    


 


 


 


       

Weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding, basic and diluted

     179,947       121,164       64,601       40,164          
    


 


 


 


       

 

(The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements)

 

F-2


Table of Contents

 

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

     Six Months
Ended
December 31,
2004


    Years Ended June 30,

   

Cumulative
From
September 3,
1996 to
December 31,

2004


 
       2004

    2003

    2002

   

Cash flows from (used in):

                                        

Operating activities:

                                        

Net loss

   $ (10,081 )   $ (11,648 )   $ (8,280 )   $ (5,641 )   $ (43,816 )

Adjustments for non-cash items:

                                        

Amortization of capital assets

     63       301       343       278       1,242  

Non-cash Cadherin Biomedical Inc. litigation expense

     1,500       —         —         —         1,500  

Unrealized foreign exchange loss

     —         —         —         —         13  

Amortization of acquired intellectual property rights

     1,560       3,120       1,910       —         6,590  

Recovery of future income taxes on acquired intellectual property rights

     (570 )     (1,140 )     (698 )     —         (2,408 )

Amortization of leasehold inducements

     —         (64 )     (90 )     (90 )     (367 )

Non-cash severance expense

     —         —         254       —         254  

Stock options issued to consultants

     51       195       6       —         252  

Stock options issued to employees

     756       —         —         —         756  

Accrued interest on convertible notes

     —         444       16       —         460  

Changes in operating assets and liabilities

     923       807       (375 )     556       1,627  
    


 


 


 


 


       (5,798 )     (7,985 )     (6,914 )     (4,897 )     (33,897 )
    


 


 


 


 


Investing activities:

                                        

Purchase of capital assets

     (372 )     (207 )     (94 )     (453 )     (1,756 )

Disposal of capital assets

     85       —         56       3       101  

Release of restricted cash

     —         258       —         100       258  

Restricted cash

     (48 )     —         —         (300 )     (348 )

Purchase of short-term investments

     (8,175 )     (9,478 )     —         (8,141 )     (25,794 )

Redemption of short-term investments

     17,653       —         8,141       —         25,794  

Investment in Cadherin Biomedical Inc.

     —         —         (250 )     —         (250 )

Acquired intellectual property rights

     —         —         (967 )     —         (967 )
    


 


 


 


 


       9,143       (9,427 )     6,886       (8,791 )     (2,962 )
    


 


 


 


 


Financing activities:

                                        

Other advances

     —         —         —         —         245  

Conversion of long-term debt to equity

     —         —         —         —         100  

Long-term debt repayments

     —         —         —         (44 )     (100 )

Capital lease repayments

     —         —         —         (6 )     (12 )

Issuance of common stock

     —         31,510       —         —         54,355  

Registration expense

     (588 )     —         —         —         (588 )

Financing expenses

     —         (465 )     —         —         (465 )

Proceeds from convertible note

     —         1,735       2,606       —         4,341  

Other liability repayments

     45       (68 )     —         —         (23 )

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

     —         30       6       —         36  
    


 


 


 


 


       (543 )     32,742       2,612       (50 )     57,889  
    


 


 


 


 


Net change in cash and cash equivalents

     2,802       15,330       2,584       (13,738 )     21,030  

Cash and cash equivalents - Beginning of period

     18,228       2,898       314       14,052       —    
    


 


 


 


 


Cash and cash equivalents - End of period

   $ 21,030     $ 18,228     $ 2,898     $ 314     $ 21,030  
    


 


 


 


 


Supplemental non-cash information:

                                        

Acquisition of Oxiquant intellectual property

   $ —       $ —       $ 19,371     $ —       $ 19,371  

Leasehold improvements financed by leasehold inducements

     96       —         —         —         462  

Share distribution to shareholders

     —         —         250       —         250  

Convertible notes settled in private placement

     —         2,447       —         —         2,447  

Acquisition of CBI

     1,500       —         —         —         1,500  

 

(The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements)

 

F-3


Table of Contents

 

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

     Common Stock

   Non-redeemable
Preferred Stock
of Subsidiary


   Contributed
Surplus


    Deficit
Accumulated
During
Development
Stage


    Total
Shareholders’
Equity


 
     Number

    Amount

         

Balance at June 30, 1996

   —       $ —      $ —      $ —       $ —       $ —    

Issuance of common stock

   8,000       —        —        —         —         —    

Net loss

   —         —        —        —         (53 )     (53 )
    

 

  

  


 


 


Balance at June 30, 1997

   8,000       —        —        —         (53 )     (53 )

Net loss

   —         —        —        —         (587 )     (587 )
    

 

  

  


 


 


Balance at June 30, 1998

   8,000       —        —        —         (640 )     (640 )

Exchange of Adherex Inc. shares for Adherex Technologies Inc. shares

   (8,000 )     —        —        —         —         —    

Issuance of common stock

   21,557       2,443      —        —         —         2,443  

Net loss

   —         —        —        —         (1,447 )     (1,447 )
    

 

  

  


 


 


Balance at June 30, 1999

   21,557       2,443      —        —         (2,087 )     356  

Issuance of common stock

   1,417       1,178      —        —         —         1,178  

Issuance of equity rights

   —         —        —        250       —         250  

Issuance of special warrants

   —         —        —        391       —         391  

Settlement of advances

                                            

Issuance of common stock

   1,400       258      —        —         —         258  

Cancellation of common stock

   (600 )     —        —        —         —         —    

Net loss

   —         —        —        —         (2,364 )     (2,364 )
    

 

  

  


 


 


Balance at June 30, 2000

   23,774       3,879      —        641       (4,451 )     69  

Issuance of common stock

                                            

Initial public offering

   6,667       8,720      —        —         —         8,720  

Other

   441       503      —        —         —         503  

Issuance of special warrants

   —         —        —        2,640       —         2,640  

Conversion of special warrants

   2,734       3,031      —        (3,031 )     —         —    

Issuance of Series A special warrants

   —         —        —        6,645       —         6,645  

Conversion of Series A special warrants

   6,240       6,645      —        (6,645 )     —         —    

Conversion of equity rights

   308       250      —        (250 )     —         —    

Net loss

   —         —        —        —         (3,715 )     (3,715 )
    

 

  

  


 


 


Balance at June 30, 2001

   40,164       23,028      —        —         (8,166 )     14,862  
    

 

  

  


 


 


 

(continued on next page)

 

(The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements)

 

F-4


Table of Contents

 

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

     Common Stock

    Non-redeemable
Preferred Stock
of Subsidiary


    Contributed
Surplus


    Deficit
Accumulated
During
Development
Stage


    Total
Shareholders’
Equity


 
     Number

   Amount

         

Balance at June 30, 2001

   40,164    $ 23,028     $ —       $ —       $ (8,166 )   $ 14,862  

Net loss

   —        —         —         —         (5,641 )     (5,641 )
    
  


 


 


 


 


Balance at June 30, 2002

   40,164      23,028       —         —         (13,807 )     9,221  

Stated capital reduction

   —        (15,029 )     —         15,029       —         —    

Common stock issued for Oxiquant acquisition

   40,164      17,545       —         860       —         18,405  

Exercise of stock options

   18      6       —         —         —         6  

Distribution to shareholders

   —        —         —         —         (250 )     (250 )

Stock options issued to non-employees

   —        —         —         6       —         6  

Financing warrants

   —        —         —         80       —         80  

Equity component of June convertible notes

   —        —         —         1,435       —         1,435  

Net loss

   —        —         —         —         (8,280 )     (8,280 )
    
  


 


 


 


 


Balance at June 30, 2003

   80,346      25,550       —         17,410       (22,337 )     20,623  

Stock options issued to consultants

   —        —         —         195       —         195  

Repricing of warrants related to financing

   —        —         —         23       —         23  

Equity component of December convertible notes

   —        —         —         1,461       —         1,461  

Financing warrants

   —        —         —         70       —         70  

Conversion of June convertible notes

   8,641      1,629       —         (125 )     —         1,504  

Conversion of December convertible notes

   5,425      762       —         (533 )     —         229  

Non-redeemable preferred stock

   —        —         1,400       —         —         1,400  

December private placement

   57,609      10,759       —         7,739       —         18,498  

May private placement

   23,347      8,710       —         2,902       —         11,612  

Exercise of stock options

   89      30       —         —         —         30  

Amalgamation of 2037357 Ontario Inc.

   4,000      903       (1,400 )     497       —         —    

Net loss

   —        —         —         —         (11,648 )     (11,648 )
    
  


 


 


 


 


Balance at June 30, 2004

   179,457      48,343       —         29,639       (33,985 )     43,997  

Stock options issued to consultants

   —        —         —         51       —         51  

Stock options issued to employees

   —        —         —         756       —         756  

Retroactive adjustment for stock-based compensation

   —        —         —         2,131       (2,131 )     —    

Cost related to SEC registration

   —        (588 )     —         —         —         (588 )

Acquisition of Cadherin Biomedical Inc.

   3,220      1,500       —         —         —         1,500  

Net loss – six months

   —        —         —         —         (10,081 )     (10,081 )
    
  


 


 


 


 


Balance at December 31, 2004

   182,677    $ 49,255     $ —       $ 32,577     $ (46,197 )   $ 35,635  
    
  


 


 


 


 


 

(The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements)

 

F-5


Table of Contents

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

1. Nature of Operations

 

Adherex Technologies Inc. (“Adherex”), together with its wholly owned subsidiaries Oxiquant, Inc. (“Oxiquant”) and Adherex, Inc., both Delaware corporations and Cadherin Biomedical Inc. (“CBI”), collectively referred to herein as the “Company,” is a development stage biopharmaceutical company with a portfolio of product candidates under development for use in the treatment of cancer.

 

On December 17, 2004, the Company’s board of directors approved a change in the Company’s fiscal year end from a twelve-month period ending June 30 to a twelve-month period ending December 31. As a requirement of this change, the consolidated financial statements include presentation of the transitional period beginning on July 1, 2004 and ending on December 31, 2004.

 

The following table presents certain financial information for the six months ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively:

 

     Six Months Ended
December 31,


 
     2004

    2003

 
           (unaudited)  

Revenue

   $ —       $ —    

Operating expenses:

                

Research and development

     4,352       1,958  

General and administration

     3,333       1,477  

Amortization of acquired intellectual property rights

     1,560       1,560  
    


 


Loss from operations

     (9,245 )     (4,995 )

Settlement of CBI litigation

     (1,622 )     —    

Interest income

     216       16  

Interest expense

     —         (444 )
    


 


Loss before income taxes

     (10,651 )     (5,423 )

Recovery of future income taxes

     570       570  
    


 


Net loss

   $ (10,081 )   $ (4,853 )
    


 


Net loss per share of common stock, basic and diluted

   $ (0.06 )   $ (0.06 )
    


 


Weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding, basic and diluted

     179,947       86,319  
    


 


 

F-6


Table of Contents

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

2. Significant Accounting Policies

 

Basis of presentation

 

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared by management in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in Canada and include the accounts of Adherex and of all its subsidiaries. Investments over which the Company has control are fully consolidated. All material inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

 

The Company began as Adherex Inc. and was incorporated under the Canada Business Corporations Act (“CBCA”) on September 3, 1996. On August 14, 1998, Adherex Technologies Inc. was incorporated under the CBCA and on September 11, 1998, it acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Adherex Inc. On April 30, 2001, Adherex Technologies Inc. amalgamated with Adherex Inc. to continue as Adherex Technologies Inc. These financial statements reflect the combined historical carrying values of the assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity and the historical operating results of the predecessor companies since their inception. On November 20, 2002, Adherex acquired the intellectual property and all of the issued and outstanding shares of Oxiquant, Inc. Oxiquant was an intellectual property holding company with a focus in chemoprotection and chemoenhancement. On December 1, 2003, the Company formed Adherex, Inc., a wholly owned Delaware corporation to be its operating company for its United States (“U.S.”) operations. Also, on December 19, 2003, the Company acquired 50 percent of 2037357 Ontario Inc., an Ontario corporation, which performed specific research and development activity for the Company in Ontario. In June 2004, 2037357 Ontario Inc. became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and continued its existence under the CBCA as Adherex Research Corp. On June 29, 2004, Adherex amalgamated with Adherex Research Corp. to continue as Adherex Technologies Inc. On December 3, 2004, Adherex acquired the intellectual property and all of the issued and outstanding shares of CBI. CBI was a company incorporated under the CBCA on September 27, 2002 and held an exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free license to develop, market and distribute pharmaceuticals and therapeutics for non-cancer applications based on the Company’s cadherin technology.

 

Use of estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Capital assets

 

Capital assets are initially recorded at cost and are then amortized using the declining balance method at the following annual rates:

 

Furniture, fixtures and office equipment

   20 %

Computer equipment

   30 %

Computer software

   100 %

Laboratory equipment

   20 %

 

Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

 

Acquired intellectual property rights

 

Acquired intellectual property rights are recorded at cost and are being amortized over their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis over 10 years.

 

F-7


Table of Contents

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

Impairment of long-lived assets

 

The Company adopted the provisions of CICA 3063 “Impairment of Long-Lived Assets” in the first quarter of 2003. The Company tests the recoverability of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company records an impairment loss in the period when it is determined that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. The impairment loss is calculated as the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the discounted cash flows from the asset.

 

Lease inducements

 

The Company received lease inducements in the form of leasehold improvements and rent-free periods. These inducements have been deferred and are applied against the rent expense of future periods on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

 

Common stock and warrants

 

Common stock is recorded as the net proceeds received on issuance after deducting all share issue costs and the value of investor warrants. Warrants are recorded at fair value and are deducted from the proceeds of common stock and recorded on the consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity as contributed surplus.

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash or cash equivalents. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents approximates their fair value due to the short-term nature of these items.

 

Cash pledged as collateral

 

The Company has pledged cash as collateral on corporate credit accounts in the form of interest bearing term deposits.

 

Short-term investments

 

Short-term investments consist primarily of corporate bonds and bankers notes. The Company invests in high credit quality investments in accordance with its investment policy designed to protect the principal investment. Investments with original maturities at date of purchase beyond three months, and which mature at or less than twelve months from the balance sheet date, are classified as current. Investments are carried at book value plus accrued interest with unrealized gains and losses recognized as investment income.

 

Revenue recognition

 

Revenue will be recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the price is fixed and determinable and collection is reasonably assured. No revenue has been recognized to date.

 

Research and development costs

 

Research costs, including employee compensation, laboratory fees, lab supplies, and research and testing performed under contract by third parties, are expensed as incurred. Development costs, including drug substance costs, clinical study expenses and regulatory expenses are also generally expensed as incurred unless such costs meet the criteria under generally accepted accounting principles in Canada for deferral and

 

F-8


Table of Contents

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

amortization. To qualify for deferral, the costs must relate to a technically feasible, identifiable product that the Company intends to produce and market, there must be a clearly defined market for the product and the Company must have the resources, or access to resources, necessary to complete the development. To date, no development costs have been deferred.

 

Investment tax credits, which are earned as a result of qualifying research and development expenditures, are recognized when the expenditures are made and their realization is reasonably assured. They are applied to reduce related capital costs and research and development expenses in the year recognized.

 

Income taxes

 

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method that requires the recognition of future income tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax basis of assets and liabilities. The Company provides a valuation allowance on net future tax assets when it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized.

 

Convertible notes

 

The Company splits convertible notes into their respective liability and equity components based on the relative fair value of each component.

 

Foreign currency translation

 

All of the Company’s foreign operations are integrated. Financial statements of integrated foreign operations are translated as follows:

 

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into Canadian dollars at exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary items and any related amortization of such items are translated at the rates of exchange in effect when the assets were acquired or the obligations incurred. Expenses denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the relevant exchange rates prevailing during the year. Exchange gains and losses are included in net loss for the year.

 

Stock-Based compensation plan

 

Effective January 1, 2002, the Company adopted the recommendations of the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants (“CICA”) set out in Section 3870 “Stock-Based Compensation and Other Stock-Based Payments” (“CICA 3870”). Until January 1, 2004, this standard only required the expensing of the fair value of non-employee options, with note disclosure of the fair value and effect of employee and director options on the financial statements. For fiscal years beginning after January 1, 2004, the fair value of all options granted must be expensed in the statement of operations. Upon adopting this new standard, the Company elected to retroactively adjust retained earnings without restatement. On July 1, 2004, the Company increased the deficit by $2,131 and increased contributed surplus by the same amount.

 

Loss per share

 

Using the treasury stock method, basic loss per share is computed including weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period including contingently issuable shares where the contingency has been resolved. Diluted loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number shares of common stock and includes the effects of dilutive convertible securities including convertible debentures, options and warrants.

 

F-9


Table of Contents

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

Comparative figures

 

Certain comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation, including patent fees which have been reclassified from research and development to general and administrative expenses.

 

3. Acquired Intellectual Property

 

On November 20, 2002, Adherex acquired certain intellectual property for chemotherapeutics with a focus in chemoprotection and chemoenhancement. The intellectual property resided in Oxiquant, a holding company with no active business. The Company consummated the acquisition by reverse triangular merger, pursuant to which the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding securities of Oxiquant through an amalgamation of Oxiquant with a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company formed for this purpose. The assets consisted of an exclusive worldwide license to intellectual property from Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (“Rutgers”), on “Novel Redox Clamping Agents and Uses Thereof” and certain intellectual property from Oregon Health & Science University (“OHSU”) relating to the use of sodium thiosulfate (“STS”) and N-acetylcysteine (“NAC”).

 

The intellectual property was valued at $31,162 reflecting net liabilities assumed of $401 and a provision for future income tax liability of $11,390, resulting in total consideration of $19,371. The consideration took the form of 40,164 shares of common stock of Adherex with a fair value of $17,545, as well as 2,307 warrants valued at $640, and 848 introduction warrants valued at $220. In addition, there were other transaction costs of $967.

 

The acquired intellectual property rights are being amortized over their estimated useful lives of ten years. The cost and accumulated amortization of the acquired intellectual property rights as at December 31, 2004 and June 30, 2004 and 2003 are as follows:

 

     Six Months
Ended
December 31,
2004


    Years Ended June 30,

 
       2004

    2003

 

Cost

   $ 31,162     $ 31,162     $ 31,162  

Accumulated amortization

     (6,590 )     (5,030 )     (1,910 )
    


 


 


Net book value

   $ 24,572     $ 26,132     $ 29,252  
    


 


 


 

Amortization of acquired intellectual property was $1,560 for the six months ended December 31, 2004 and $3,120 and $1,910 for the years ended June 30, 2004 and 2003, respectively. Acquired intellectual property is estimated to be amortized at $3,120 per year on a straight-line basis for the remaining life of approximately seven and one-half years.

 

4. Cadherin Biomedical Inc.

 

On September 27, 2002, CBI was incorporated as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Adherex. The Company granted CBI an exclusive worldwide, royalty-free license to develop, market and distribute pharmaceuticals and therapeutics for non-cancer applications based on or derived from the Company’s cadherin platform

 

F-10


Table of Contents

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

owned or licensed under the collaboration agreement with McGill and paid to CBI $250 in cash, in exchange for 40.2 million Class A Preferred Shares of CBI, which constituted all of the issued and outstanding shares of CBI. The Company distributed the Class A Preferred Shares of CBI pro rata to its shareholders of record at the time, after which such shareholders held all of the issued and outstanding shares of CBI. This divestiture of the Company’s non-cancer assets was a condition precedent to the acquisition in November 2002 of Oxiquant, a U.S.-based development stage pharmaceutical company with a focus in chemoprotection and chemoenhancement.

 

In December 2003, the Company signed a memorandum of agreement with CBI to purchase the license agreement between the companies and reacquire the non-cancer related cadherin-based intellectual property for shares of common stock of the Company then having a market value of $1.0 million and the payment to CBI of certain royalties. The completion of the transaction contemplated by the memorandum of agreement was conditional upon CBI obtaining the approval of its shareholders, but such shareholder approval was neither sought nor obtained by CBI.

 

In February 2004, the Company filed a claim in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice against CBI in the amount of $0.1 million on account of unpaid goods and services rendered. In July 2004, CBI filed a statement of defense and counterclaim in response to such claim. CBI’s counterclaim sought $5.0 million in damages relating to the license agreement between the companies. In late July 2004, the Company entered into a non-binding letter of intent to acquire all of the issued and outstanding shares of CBI through an amalgamation of CBI with a wholly-owned subsidiary of Adherex to be incorporated under the CBCA for this purpose. This letter of intent effectively replaced the memorandum of agreement entered into with CBI in December 2003.

 

On December 3, 2004, the Company completed the acquisition of CBI. The acquisition was approved by the shareholders of CBI at a special meeting held on November 29, 2004. Pursuant to the terms of the amalgamation, the Company issued to CBI shareholders approximately 3.2 million shares of Adherex common stock valued at $1,500 based on a 20 day weighted average trading price. The shares were issued in exchange for all of the issued and outstanding shares of CBI, or approximately 0.069 shares of Adherex common stock for each share of CBI preferred stock outstanding. Immediately prior to the acquisition of CBI, directors and officers of the Company owned an aggregate of 496 shares of CBI stock and are therefore entitled to receive approximately 34 shares of common stock of Adherex pursuant to the terms of the amalgamation. Of the consideration issued, 500 shares of Adherex stock are being held in escrow until June 1, 2005 to protect against unknown liabilities at the time of the transaction. CBI had no material operations due to minimal financial resources. The total cost of the acquisition has been recorded as follows:

 

Adherex common stock

   $ (1,500 )

Transaction costs

     (150 )

Net financial assets acquired

     28  
    


Settlement of CBI litigation

   $ (1,622 )
    


 

The issuance of the 3.2 million shares of common stock and the associated transaction expenses as settlement of CBI litigation expense have been recorded on the statement of operations resulting in an expense of $1.6 million for the six months ended December 31, 2004.

 

Adherex acquired CBI to settle the litigation between the two companies and to reacquire the non-cancer rights to the cadherin-based intellectual property. The Company believes the reacquisition of the non-cancer rights may be beneficial when seeking any future collaborations with larger pharmaceutical and biotech companies.

 

F-11


Table of Contents

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

5. Credit Facility

 

As of June 30, 2003, the Company had an unused revolving line of credit with a Canadian chartered bank in an amount not to exceed $300 and bearing interest at bank prime. An interest bearing term deposit in the amount of $300 was provided as collateral for the credit facility. As of June 30, 2004, the credit line was closed by the Company.

 

6. Short-term Investments

 

At December 31, 2004, the Company had no short-term investments. Short-term investments at June 30, 2004 consisted of corporate bonds with maturities at acquisition from 110 to 159 days. As these investments had been purchased just prior to year-end at June 30, 2004, their market value was not significantly different from their book value.

 

7. Capital Assets

 

     Six Months Ended
December 31, 2004


   Years Ended June 30,

        2004

   2003

     Cost

    Accumulated
Amortization


   Cost

    Accumulated
Amortization


   Cost

    Accumulated
Amortization


Furniture, fixtures and office equipment

   $ 223     $ 28    $ 108     $ 11    $ 71     $ 31

Computer equipment

     93       17      61       7      158       89

Computer software

     149       93      99       83      67       60

Laboratory equipment

     665       361      810       416      804       318

Leasehold improvements

     154       —        —         —        430       377
    


 

  


 

  


 

       1,284     $ 499      1,078     $ 517      1,530     $ 875
            

          

          

Accumulated amortization

     (499 )            (517 )            (875 )      
    


        


        


     

Net book value

   $ 785            $ 561            $ 655        
    


        


        


     

 

Amortization of capital assets was $63, $301, and $343 for the six months ended December 31, 2004 and for the years ended June 30, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

 

8. Convertible Notes

 

On June 23, 2003, the Company issued senior secured convertible notes with a face value totaling $3,010. These notes were convertible into common stock and warrants to acquire common stock of the Company upon completion of an equity fund raising round. Investors also received warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,724 shares of common stock of the Company with an exercise price of $0.55 per share. The notes bore interest at an annual rate of eight percent compounded semi-annually, and matured one year from issue but were renewable for one additional year at the option of the Company. In connection with this issuance, the

 

F-12


Table of Contents

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

Company issued broker warrants to purchase 504 shares of common stock exercisable at a price of $0.47 per share.

 

On December 3, 2003, the Company issued additional senior secured convertible notes with a face value totaling $1,895. These notes were convertible into common stock and warrants to acquire common stock of the Company upon completion of an equity fund raising round. Also, investors received warrants for 1,354 shares of common stock exercisable at a price of $0.43 per share. The notes bore interest at an annual rate of eight percent compounded semi-annually, and matured one year from issue but were renewable for one additional year at the option of the Company. The Company also issued broker warrants to purchase 470 shares of common stock exercisable at a price of $0.43 per share.

 

Investor warrants issued with the convertible notes were recorded as contributed surplus and valued at $628.

 

Under the terms of the June 2003 financing, the Company could not issue any further debt without the consent of the June convertible note holders. As an inducement to obtain consent to the December 3, 2003 financing, the exercise price of 1,433 warrants granted in the June financing was changed from $0.55 to $0.43 per share on December 3, 2003, making the terms of both debt financings substantially the same. Warrants held by Company insiders were not repriced. The reduction of exercise price resulted in an increase in the fair value of the warrants on the date of the change of $23. The increase was recorded as interest expense.

 

Upon issuance, values were ascribed to the investor warrants and to the conversion feature with the remainder being ascribed to the debt portion of the note. These values were being amortized over the life of the notes. As a result, the notes accrued interest at an implied rate in excess of 50 percent, although cash interest was only 8 percent.

 

On December 19, 2003, the Company completed an equity round as described in Note 9 – shareholders’ equity, “Private Placement.” This caused the June and the December notes to convert into 14,066 shares of common stock and 7,033 warrants to purchase common stock. The warrants are exercisable at $0.43 per share and expire December 19, 2008.

 

The carrying values of the debt and the conversion option components associated with the notes, net of expenses of the offerings, were transferred to equity and split between common stock and contributed surplus ($2,391 to common stock, $1,610 to contributed surplus). The debt portion and accrued interest of the June 23, 2003 notes were nil at December 31, 2004 and June 30, 2004 and $1,591 at June 30, 2003.

 

9. Shareholders’ Equity

 

Authorized capital stock

 

The Company’s authorized capital stock consists of an unlimited number of no par common stock.

 

Stock split

 

Effective October 18, 2000, the Company’s shareholders approved a split of the Company’s common stock and stock options on a 4 for 1 basis. All per share amounts, and numbers of common stock, warrants and options in these financial statements have been restated to give retroactive effect to these splits for all years presented.

 

F-13


Table of Contents

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

Special warrants

 

From May 2000 through November 2000, the Company issued special warrants. Each special warrant was sold for $5.00 and entitled the holder thereof to acquire, for no additional consideration, four shares of common stock of the Company. The special warrants also included a price protection adjustment determined by dividing $6.50 by the initial public offering (“IPO”) price of $1.50.

 

During the year ended June 30, 2000, 78 of 631 special warrants were issued, with the balance of 553 issued in the period ended June 30, 2001. Upon completion of the IPO, on June 5, 2001, these special warrants were converted to 2,734 shares of common stock, which included 210 shares of common stock issued under the price protection adjustment.

 

Series A special warrants

 

During October 2000, the Company issued Series A special warrants. Each Series A special warrant was sold at $1.25 and entitled the holder to acquire, for no additional consideration, one share of common stock of the Company. The Series A special warrants also included a price protection adjustment determined by dividing $1.625 by the IPO price.

 

Upon completion of the IPO on June 5, 2001, these Series A special warrants were converted to 6,240 shares of common stock, which included 480 shares of common stock issued under the price protection adjustment.

 

In addition, each Series A special warrant included a share purchase warrant entitling the holder to purchase an additional share of common stock at the IPO price, which was also subject to the price protection adjustment, so that 6,240 additional common stock could have been sold at the IPO price. These share purchase warrants expired unexercised on September 3, 2001.

 

Equity rights

 

On September 28, 1999, University Medical Discoveries Inc. (“UMDI”) invested $250 for equity of the Company. The form of this equity was to be the same as the first class of securities to raise greater than $1,000 subsequent to the date of the investment. The date of conversion was dependent on certain milestones being met under a specific research project. On August 24, 2000, the Company and UMDI agreed to convert UMDI’s $250 investment into 308 shares of common stock of the Company.

 

Triathlon settlement

 

During fiscal 2000, other advances totaling $258 were settled by the issuance to Triathlon Limited of 1,400 shares of common stock of the Company. The number of shares issued was determined with reference to the fair value at the time the advances were made.

 

Shire BioChem Inc. agreement

 

On August 17, 2000, the Company entered into a subscription agreement and a license agreement with Shire BioChem Inc. (“BioChem”). Under the subscription agreement, BioChem purchased 400 shares of common stock of the Company for $503. Pursuant to a price protection clause in the agreement, an additional 33 shares of common stock were issued on completion of the Company’s IPO on June 5, 2001.

 

Initial public offering

 

On June 5, 2001, the Company completed an IPO issuing 6,667 shares of common stock at a price of $1.50 per share. Net proceeds of this offering credited to capital stock amounted to $8,720, after deducting the

 

F-14


Table of Contents

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

underwriting fee of $750 and expenses of $530. As additional compensation in connection with the offering, the Company granted the underwriters non-assignable support options representing ten percent of the offered shares. Each support option entitled the holder to purchase one share of common stock on or before June 5, 2003 at $1.50. The Company also granted the underwriters an option (“Over-allotment Option”) to purchase up to 1,000 shares of common stock at the offering price for a period ending 30 days from the close of the offering. On July 5, 2001, the Over-allotment Option expired unexercised.

 

Equity financings

 

On December 19, 2003, the Company completed a private placement of equity securities totaling $21,563, comprised of (i) $20,163 for 57,609 units, at a price of $0.35 per unit, comprised of an aggregate of 57,609 shares of common stock and warrants to acquire 28,805 shares of common stock of Adherex with an exercise price of $0.43 per share. The $7,739 estimated fair value of the warrants has been allocated to contributed surplus and the balance of $10,759 has been credited to common stock, and (ii) $1,400 for 4,000 Series 1 Preferred Shares and warrants to purchase 2,000 Series 1 Preferred Shares of 2037357 Ontario Inc. The non-redeemable Series 1 Preferred Shares of 2037357 Ontario Inc. (“Preferred Shares”) were exchangeable into 4,000 shares of common stock of Adherex. Upon such an exchange, all of the then outstanding warrants to purchase the Preferred Shares would be exchanged for an equal number of warrants to purchase Adherex common stock, which would have an exercise price of $0.43 per share. The $1,400 was to be spent on specific research and development projects in Ontario, Canada as designated by Adherex. Adherex could compel the exchange of the Preferred Shares into common stock and warrants for common stock of Adherex at any time after January 3, 2005. The Company also issued broker warrants to purchase 6,132 shares of common stock exercisable at a price of $0.43 per share.

 

2037357 Ontario Inc. has been accounted for in accordance with the substance of the transaction. The $1,400 has been recorded as non-redeemable Preferred Shares and the amounts expended were recorded as expenses in the relevant periods. On June 14, 2004, the preferred shares were exchanged for 4,000 shares of Adherex common stock and warrants to purchase 2,000 shares of Adherex common stock. In June 2004, 2037357 Ontario Inc. became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and was amalgamated with Adherex Technologies Inc. The investment has been split between the estimated fair value of the warrants of $497, which has been included in contributed surplus, and the remainder of $903, which has been recorded in common stock.

 

On May 20, 2004, the Company completed equity financings with total gross proceeds of $12,374 less $762 in estimated issuance costs. The Company issued 23,347 units at a purchase price of $0.53 per unit with each unit consisting of one share of common stock and one-half of a common stock purchase warrant. Each whole warrant entitles the holder to acquire one additional share of common stock at $0.70 per share for a period of three years. The $2,902 value of the warrants has been allocated to contributed surplus and the balance of $8,710 has been credited to common stock.

 

Stated capital reduction

 

As a prerequisite of the Oxiquant transaction, Adherex licensed all of its intellectual property related to the development of its proprietary cadherin-related compounds for non-cancer applications and transferred $250 cash to CBI, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Adherex at the time, in return for Class A Preferred Shares of CBI. These CBI Class A Preferred Shares were then distributed to all of the Adherex shareholders of record by way of special dividend, effecting a “spin out” of CBI and the non-cancer assets from Adherex.

 

In order to effect such a distribution under the CBCA, the Company was legally required to reduce its stated capital so that the aggregate amount of its liabilities and stated capital did not exceed the realizable value of Adherex’s assets. This requirement is set out in Section 42 of the CBCA.

 

F-15


Table of Contents

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

Management determined that the stated capital needed to be reduced by $15,029, in order to comply with the requirements of Section 42 of the CBCA.

 

Warrants issued on acquisition of intellectual property

 

In connection with the acquisition of the intellectual property of Oxiquant in November 2002, the Company issued 2,307 warrants with an exercise price of $0.717 that expire on November 20, 2007 and 848 introduction warrants with an exercise price of $0.41 that expire on May 20, 2007.

 

Convertible note warrants

 

In connection with the June 2003 issuance of senior secured convertible notes, the Company issued 1,724 warrants with an exercise price of $0.55 per share that expire on June 23, 2007 and 504 broker warrants with an exercise price of $0.47 per share that expire on June 23, 2005. As an inducement to consent to the issuance of the December 2003 convertible notes, the exercise price of 1,433 of these warrants was changed from $0.55 per share to $0.43 per share on December 3, 2003.

 

In connection with the December 2003 issuance of additional senior secured convertible notes, the Company issued 1,354 warrants with an exercise price of $0.43 per share that expire on December 3, 2007 and 470 broker warrants with an exercise price of $0.43 per share that expire on December 3, 2005.

 

Warrants to Purchase Common Stock

 

As of December 31, 2004 the Company has the following warrants to purchase common stock outstanding with a weighted-average exercise price of $0.49 and a weighted-average remaining contractual life of 3.5 years:

 

Warrant Description


   Number
Outstanding at
December 31,
2004


   Exercise Price

   Expiration Date

   Weighted-
average
Remaining
Contractual Life
(years)


Agent warrants

   504    $ 0.47    June 23, 2005    0.48

Agent warrants

   470    $ 0.43    December 3, 2005    0.92

Investor warrants

   11,673    $ 0.70    May 20, 2007    2.38

Agent warrants

   848    $ 0.41    May 20, 2007    2.38

Convertible notes warrants

   1,724    $ 0.55    June 23, 2007    2.48

Acquisition warrants

   2,307    $ 0.717    November 20, 2007    2.89

Convertible notes warrants

   1,354    $ 0.43    December 3, 2007    2.92

Investor warrants

   37,838    $ 0.43    December 19, 2008    3.97

Agent warrants

   6,132    $ 0.43    December 19, 2008    3.97
    
                

Outstanding at December 31, 2004

   62,850                 
    
                

 

Stock options

 

The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors administers the Company’s stock option plan. The Compensation Committee designates eligible participants to be included under the plan, and recommends to the Board for approval the number of options to be granted from time to time. Under the plan, a maximum of

 

F-16


Table of Contents

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

20,000 options, not including the 3,500 options issued to the Chief Executive Officer and specifically approved by the shareholders, are authorized for issue. The option exercise price for all options issued under the plan is based on the fair value of the underlying shares on the date of grant. All options vest within three years or less and are exercisable for a period of seven years from the date of grant. Information with respect to stock option activity is as follows:

 

           Exercise Price

     Number of
Options


    Range

   Weighted-
average


Outstanding at June 30, 2001

   4,107     $ 0.3275-1.25    $ 0.56

Cancelled

   (1,252 )     0.3275-1.25      0.33

Granted

   851       0.33-0.65      0.39

Repriced

   (720 )     0.75      0.75
     720       1.50      1.50
    

 

  

Outstanding at June 30, 2002

   3,706       0.3275-1.50      0.74

Cancelled

   (570 )     0.3275-1.25      0.93

Exercised

   (18 )     0.3275      0.33

Granted

   5,107       0.33-0.35      0.33
    

 

  

Outstanding at June 30, 2003

   8,225       0.3275-1.50      0.48

Cancelled

   (134 )     0.34-0.65      0.35

Exercised

   (89 )     0.3275-0.35      0.34

Granted

   8,378       0.45-0.65      0.50
    

 

  

Outstanding at June 30, 2004

   16,380       0.3275-1.50      0.49

Cancelled

   (50 )     0.65-1.25      1.13

Granted

   2,481       0.39-0.44      0.40
    

 

  

Outstanding at December 31, 2004

   18,811     $ 0.3275-1.50    $ 0.48
    

 

  

 

F-17


Table of Contents

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

    Options Outstanding

  Options Exercisable

Exercise Price

  Number Outstanding at
December 31, 2004


  Weighted- average Remaining
Contractual Life (years)


  Number Exercisable at
December 31, 2004


  Weighted- average Remaining
Contractual Life (years)


$ 0.3275   1,096   1.75   1,096   1.75
  0.33       4,435   4.90   4,035   4.93
  0.34       568   4.15   383   3.58
  0.35       493   4.45   318   4.08
  0.39       1,382   6.91   160   6.96
  0.40       750   6.69   187   6.69
  0.44       349   6.53   10   6.71
  0.45       4,789   6.00   2,956   6.00
  0.46       81   3.91   81   5.56
  0.49       50   5.97   17   5.97
  0.53       1,048   6.22   298   5.98
  0.58       1,780   6.39   1,390   6.39
  0.63       5   6.21   —     —  
  0.65       727   5.45   168   3.19
  0.75       400   2.15   400   2.15
  1.25       138   1.48   138   1.15
  1.50       720   2.15   720   2.15
     
     
   
      18,811       12,357    
     
     
   

 

Stock-based compensation expense

 

During the six month period ended December 31, 2004, the Company adopted CICA 3870 “Stock-based Compensation and Other Stock-based Payments” and has recorded the fair value of all options granted in the statement of operations. Upon adopting CICA 3870, the Company elected to retroactively adjust retained earnings without restatement. On July 1, 2004, the Company increased the deficit by $2,131 and increased contributed surplus by the same amount. Employee compensation expense for the six month period ended December 31, 2004 was $756.

 

F-18


Table of Contents

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

The value of each option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and recorded as an expense ratably over the vesting period of the option. Calculations were based on the following assumptions:

 

    

Six Months
Ended
December 31,

2004


    Years Ended June 30,

 
       2004

    2003

 

Expected dividend

     0 %     0 %     0 %

Risk-free interest rate

     4.15 %     4.46 %     4.32 %

Expected volatility

     68 %     68 %     70 %

Expected life

     7 years       7 years       7 years  

Weighted average fair value of options issued

   $ 0.40     $ 0.50     $ 0.33  

 

Costs related to Securities and Exchange Commission registration

 

In December 2004, the Company completed its registration with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and was listed on the American Stock Exchange (“AMEX”). The costs associated with the AMEX listing totaled $588 and were recorded as a reduction to common stock at December 31, 2004. As part of the December 19, 2003 private placement, the Company was required to pursue a listing on the AMEX.

 

10. Research and Development

 

Investment tax credits earned as a result of qualifying research and development expenditures and government grants have been applied to reduce research and development expenses as follows:

 

     Six Months
Ended
December 31,
2004


    Years Ended June 30,

    Cumulative
From
September 3,
1996 to
December 31,
2004


 
       2004

    2003

   

Research and development

   $ 4,562     $ 4,963     $ 4,614     $ 25,409  

Investment tax credits

     (210 )     (175 )     (373 )     (2,372 )

National Research Council grants

     —         (5 )     (96 )     (287 )
    


 


 


 


     $ 4,352     $ 4,783     $ 4,145     $ 22,750  
    


 


 


 


 

The Company’s claim for Scientific Research and Experimental Development (“SR&ED”) deductions and related investment tax credits for income tax purposes are based upon management’s interpretation of the applicable legislation in the Canadian Income Tax Act. These amounts are subject to review and acceptance by the Canada Revenue Agency prior to collection.

 

F-19


Table of Contents

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

11. Capital and Operating Lease Commitments

 

As of December 31, 2004, the Company has entered into an operating lease agreement for the current office facilities located in the United States (“U.S.”). The minimum lease payments are as follows:

 

Year Ending


   Amount

December 31, 2005

   $ 109

December 31, 2006

     135

December 31, 2007

     138

December 31, 2008

     141

December 31, 2009

     144

December 31, 2010

     99
    

     $ 766
    

 

The obligations under the U.S. office lease agreement are payable in U.S. dollars and presented in the table above in Canadian dollars, translated at an assumed rate of CAD$1.20.

 

Rental payments on operating leases and interest on capital lease payments are summarized on the table below:

 

Period Ending


   Amount

   Interest

December 31, 2004

   $ 84    $ —  

June 30, 2004

     209      —  

June 30, 2003

     215      1

June 30, 2002

     293      1

 

Under the terms of the operating lease for the office facilities the Company has financed U.S. $80 (CAD $96 when converted at an exchange rate of U.S. to CAD of $1.20) of leasehold improvements through the building’s owner. The amount is being financed over the term of the lease which expires in September 2010 and bears an annual interest rate of six percent.

 

12. Commitments and Contingencies

 

McGill University (“McGill”) Agreement

 

On February 26, 2001, the Company entered into an agreement with McGill superseding all prior agreements concerning the licensed technology. The agreement grants the Company a 27-year exclusive, worldwide license to develop, use and market certain cell adhesion technology and compounds. The license agreement provides for the Company to pay future royalties of two percent of gross revenues from the use of the compounds and may require the Company to make payments in order to maintain the license as follows:

 

    $100 if the Company has not filed an investigational new drug (IND) application, or similar application with Canadian, US, European or a recognized agency, relating to the licensed product prior to September 23, 2002;

 

F-20


Table of Contents

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

    $100 if the Company has not commenced Phase II clinical trials in a recognized jurisdiction on any licensed product prior to September 23, 2004; and

 

    $200 if the Company has not commenced Phase III clinical trials in a recognized jurisdiction on any licensed product prior to September 23, 2006.

 

In addition, the Company is required to fund mutually agreed upon research at McGill over a period of ten years totaling $3,300. Annual funding commenced in 2001 with a total payment of $200 and increases annually by 10 percent through to the tenth year of the agreement when annual funding reaches $500. The additional research commitment can be deferred in any year if it exceeds five percent of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2004, there have been no deferrals. The Company receives certain intellectual property rights resulting from this research.

 

On August 1, 2002, McGill acknowledged that work completed on the clinical development of ADH-1 (Exherin) was sufficient to meet the requirements of the September 23, 2002 milestone and thus no payment was required.

 

On September 20, 2004, McGill acknowledged that the Company had met obligations with respect to the September 23, 2004 milestone and thus no payment was required.

 

Rutgers agreement

 

In November 2002, the Company acquired an exclusive license agreement with Rutgers through the Company’s acquisition of Oxiquant, which had entered into the license agreement with Rutgers in April 2001. Pursuant to the license agreement, Rutgers granted Oxiquant exclusive worldwide license rights to “Novel Redox Clamping Agents and Uses Thereof.” In consideration, Rutgers was issued 500 shares of common stock of Oxiquant, which were subsequently converted into 3,821 shares of common stock of the Company and 219 warrants to purchase common stock of the Company. Rutgers will also receive certain milestone payments, a four percent running royalty on net sales for any licensed products semiannually and a 20 percent non-running royalty on any consideration received from sublicensing or transferring of the licensed technology. Milestone payment fees payable to Rutgers include: US$25 upon completion of the first clinical trial performed in compliance with FDA or corresponding foreign health authority requirements, in a small number of patients to determine the metabolism and pharmacological actions of doses; US$50 upon commencement of the first Phase III clinical trial or equivalent; US$100 upon receipt of market approval in the first major market country; US$200 upon receipt of market approval in the second major market country; and US$300 on receipt of market approval in the third major market country. In addition, on each anniversary of the license agreement, a license maintenance fee starting at US$5 and increasing by that same amount each subsequent anniversary is due to Rutgers. After completion of the fifth anniversary period, and on each subsequent anniversary, the annual license maintenance fee shall be US$50, and can be offset against royalties (with some restrictions). The Company has made all maintenance payments required to date and no milestone payments have been required.

 

Oregon Health & Science University agreement

 

In November 2002, the Company acquired an exclusive license agreement with OHSU through the Company’s acquisition of Oxiquant, which had entered into the license agreement with OHSU in September 2002. Pursuant to the license agreement, OHSU granted Oxiquant exclusive worldwide license rights to intellectual property surrounding work done by Dr. Edward Neuwelt with respect to thiol-based compounds and their use in oncology. In consideration, OHSU was issued 250 shares of common stock of Oxiquant which subsequently became, upon the acquisition of Oxiquant, 1,913 shares of common stock of the Company and 110 warrants to purchase common stock of the Company, and will receive certain milestone payments, a 2.5 percent royalty on net sales for licensed products and a 15 percent royalty on any sublicensing of the licensed technology. Milestone payment fees payable to OHSU include: US$50 upon

 

F-21


Table of Contents

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

completion of Phase I clinical trials; US$200 upon completion of Phase II clinical trials; US$500 upon completion of Phase III clinical trials; and US$250 upon first commercial sale for any licensed product. To date, no milestone payments have been required.

 

Employment matters

 

Under the terms of an agreement dated February 19, 2003, the prior Chief Executive Officer of the Company was terminated by mutual agreement. Pursuant to that agreement, the Company agreed to pay a total of US$350 ($535 Canadian dollars when converted at a rate of $1.5287 per the agreement). The initial payment of US$229 was made during the quarter ended March 31, 2003 and was recorded as a General and Administration expense. Additionally, he will receive US$50 per year for four years paid in semi-monthly installments. The present value of the remaining payments has been recorded as a General and Administration expense. The present value of the amounts due in the next twelve months is recorded in accrued liabilities, with the remaining amounts recorded as a long-term liability.

 

13. Income Taxes

 

The Company operates in several tax jurisdictions. Its income is subject to varying rates of tax and losses incurred in one jurisdiction cannot be used to offset income taxes payable in another. A reconciliation of the combined Canadian federal and provincial income tax rate with the Company’s effective tax rate is as follows:

 

     Six Months
Ended
December 31,
2004


    Years Ended June 30,

 
       2004

    2003

 

Domestic loss

   $ (8,222 )   $ (10,394 )   $ (8,978 )

Foreign loss

     (2,429 )     (2,394 )     —    
    


 


 


Loss before income taxes

     (10,651 )     (12,788 )     (8,978 )
    


 


 


Expected statutory rate (recovery)

     36.12 %     35.87 %     37.62 %

Expected provision for (recovery of) income tax

     (3,847 )     (4,587 )     (3,378 )

Permanent differences

     319       98       8  

Change in valuation allowance

     3,200       4,560       3,259  

Non-refundable investment tax credits

     (52 )     (141 )     (227 )

Share issue costs and effect of change of carryforwards

     (127 )     (688 )     (772 )

Effect of foreign exchange rate differences

     27       21       —    

Effect of tax rate changes

     (90 )     (403 )     412  
    


 


 


Recovery of income taxes

   $ (570 )   $ (1,140 )   $ (698 )
    


 


 


 

The Canadian statutory income tax rate of 36.12 percent is comprised of federal income tax at approximately 22.12 percent and provincial income tax at approximately 14.00 percent.

 

F-22


Table of Contents

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

The primary temporary differences which gave rise to future income taxes (recovery) for the six months ended December 31, 2004 and the year ended June 30, 2004 are as follows:

 

     Six Months
Ended
December 31,
2004


    Year Ended
June 30, 2004


 

Future tax assets:

                

SR&ED expenditures

   $ 2,610     $ 2,440  

Income tax loss carryforwards

     10,880       7,930  

Non-refundable investment tax credits

     1,060       1,000  

Share issue costs

     800       950  

Reserves

     —         —    

Fixed and intangible assets

     1,080       960  
    


 


       16,430       13,280  

Less: valuation allowance

     (16,430 )     (13,230 )
    


 


Net future tax assets

     —         50  

Future tax liabilities:

                

Asset basis differences

     (8,982 )     (9,552 )

Refundable investment tax credits

     —         (50 )
    


 


Net future tax liabilities

   $ (8,982 )   $ (9,552 )
    


 


 

The future income tax liability recognized on the balance sheets relates to the acquired intellectual property of Oxiquant. These acquired intellectual property rights have no basis for income tax purposes and therefore will not provide any income tax deduction as they are amortized. There are no current income taxes owing nor are any income taxes expected to be owing in the near term.

 

As of December 31, 2004, the Company has unclaimed Scientific Research and Experimental Development (“SR&ED”) expenditures, income tax loss carry forwards and investment tax credits. The unclaimed amounts and their expiry dates are as listed below:

 

     Federal

   Ontario

SR& ED expenditures (no expiry)

   $ 7,070    $ 7,510
    

  

Income tax loss carryforwards (expiry date):

             

2005

     780      909

2006

     1,698      1,960

2007

     1,833      1,833

2008

     633      633

2009

     3,653      3,653

2010

     4,265      4,265

2011

     6,150      6,150

2012

     5,470      5,470

2013

     2,240      2,240

2014

     4,590      4,590

Investment tax credits (expiry date):

             

2008

     9      —  

2009

     7      —  

2010

     96      —  

2011

     55      —  

2012

     545      —  

2013

     396      —  

2014

     70      —  

 

F-23


Table of Contents

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

14. Net Loss Per Share

 

The outstanding number and type of securities that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future and which were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share, because to do so would have reduced the loss per share (anti-dilutive) for the years presented are as follows:

 

     December 31,
2004


   June 30,
2004


Stock options

   18,811    16,380

Convertible note warrants

   3,077    3,077

Acquisition warrants

   2,307    2,307

Broker warrants

   7,955    7,955

Investor warrants

   49,511    49,511

 

15. Segment Information

 

The Company operates in one business segment, which is the development of pharmaceutical products based on its licensed and proprietary technologies, with substantially all of its capital assets and operations which were previously located in Canada, now located in the United States in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

 

16. Research and Development Projects

 

The Company is in the development stage and conducts research and development in the areas of anti-cancer, chemoprotection and chemoenhancement as follows:

 

Anti-Cancer:

 

    ADH-1 (Exherin) is a molecularly-targeted anti-cancer compound that selectively targets cancer blood vessels and the tumor cells and is in clinical development.

 

    Preclinical product candidates, including backup compounds to ADH-1.

 

Chemoprotectants and Chemoenhancers:

 

    Sodium Thiosulfate (“STS”) is a chemoprotectant that has been shown to reduce the disabling loss of hearing in patients being treated with platinum-based anti-cancer agents.

 

    N-Acetylcysteine (“NAC”) is a chemoprotectant that has been shown to assist in the prevention of bone marrow toxicity from chemotherapy.

 

    Mesna is a chemoenhancer that, in laboratory studies, has been shown to reduce the development of resistance of cancer cells to certain anticancer agents.

 

F-24


Table of Contents

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

The following summarizes our research and development expenses through December 31, 2004:

 

     Six Months
Ended
December 31,
2004


   Years Ended June 30,

   Cumulative
From
September 3,
1996 to
December 31,
2004


      2004

   2003

   2002

  

ADH-1 (Exherin)

   $ 3,223    $ 3,362    $ 3,145    $ 2,705    $ 15,230

Other anti-cancer

     452      458      652      820      2,382
    

  

  

  

  

Total anti-cancer

     3,675      3,820      3,797      3,525      17,612

STS

     333      844      216      —        1,393

Mesna

     —        —        20      —        20

NAC

     —        —        5      —        5
    

  

  

  

  

Total chemoprotectants and enhancers

     333      844      241      —        1,418

Other discovery projects

     344      119      107      307      2,670

Transdermal drug delivery

     —        —        —        500      1,050
    

  

  

  

  

Total research and development expense

   $ 4,352    $ 4,783    $ 4,145    $ 4,332    $ 22,750
    

  

  

  

  

 

The Company has made no upfront cash payments for research and development projects and is not obligated to repay research and development amounts to any third parties.

 

17. Financial Instruments

 

Financial instruments recognized on the balance sheets at December 31, 2004, June 30, 2004 and 2003 consist of cash and cash equivalents, cash pledged as collateral, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable and other long-term liabilities. The Company does not hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes and does not hold any derivative financial instruments. With the exception of the other long-term liabilities, the Company believes that the carrying value of its financial instruments approximates their fair values because of their short terms to maturity.

 

F-25


Table of Contents

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

18. Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities

 

The following table details the changes in operating assets and liabilities as per the statements of cash flows:

 

    

Six Months
Ended
December 31,

2004


   Years Ended June 30,

 
        2004

    2003

    2002

 

Accounts receivable

   $ 31    $ (22 )   $ 180     $ (6 )

Prepaid expenses

     147      (17 )     (61 )     (5 )

Deferred expense

     498      117       (262 )     —    

Investment tax credits recoverable

     72      164       (208 )     272  

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

     175      565       (24 )     295  
    

  


 


 


Net changes in operating assets and liabilities

   $ 923    $ 807     $ (375 )   $ 556  
    

  


 


 


 

19. United States Accounting Principles

 

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Canadian GAAP. These principles differ, as they affect the Company, for the six months ended December 31, 2004 and for the years ended June 30, 2004, 2003 and 2002 in the following material respects from U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”). There are no differences in reported cash flow for the periods presented.

 

F-26


Table of Contents

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

(a) Consolidated balance sheets - U.S. GAAP:

 

    

December 31,

2004


    Years Ended June 30,

 
       2004

    2003

 

Assets

                        

Current assets

   $ 21,558     $ 28,896     $ 4,489  

Other assets

     12       50       167  

Capital assets

     785       561       655  
    


 


 


Total assets

   $ 22,355     $ 29,507     $ 5,311  
    


 


 


Liabilities

                        

Current liabilities

   $ 2,141     $ 1,966     $ 1,465  

Other long-term liabilities

     169       124       192  

Liability component of convertible notes

     —         —         2,707  
    


 


 


Total liabilities

     2,310       2,090       4,364  

Shareholders’ equity

                        

Common stock

     49,314       48,402       25,609  

Contributed surplus

     29,591       29,540       16,632  

Deficit accumulated during development stage

     (58,860 )     (50,525 )     (41,294 )
    


 


 


Total shareholders’ equity

     20,045       27,417       947  
    


 


 


Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

   $ 22,355     $ 29,507     $ 5,311  
    


 


 


 

(b) Consolidated statements of operations - U.S. GAAP:

 

     Six Months
Ended
December 31,
2004


    Years Ended June 30,

 
       2004

    2003

    2002

 

Net loss in accordance with Canadian GAAP

   $ (10,081 )   $ (11,648 )   $ (8,280 )   $ (5,641 )

Adjustments to reconcile to U.S. GAAP:

                                

Acquired intellectual property rights (2)

     —         —         (31,162 )     —    

Acquired intellectual property rights amortization (2)

     1,560       3,120       1,910       —    

Future income taxes (2)

     (570 )     (1,140 )     10,692       —    

Estimated stock-based compensation costs (3)

     —         (7 )     (40 )     (213 )

Stock-based compensation - CICA 3870 (4)

     756       —         —         —    

Interest charges - convertible notes (5)

     —         444       9       —    
    


 


 


 


Net loss in accordance with U.S. GAAP

   $ (8,335 )   $ (9,231 )   $ (26,871 )   $ (5,854 )
    


 


 


 


Net loss per share of common stock, basic and diluted

   $ (0.05 )   $ (0.08 )   $ (0.42 )   $ (0.15 )
    


 


 


 


Weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding, basic and diluted

     179,947       121,164       64,601       40,164  
    


 


 


 


 

F-27


Table of Contents

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

(c) Footnotes

 

  1. Current accounting pronouncements

 

In May 2003, the FASB issued SFAS No. 150, “Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of Both Liabilities and Equity.” SFAS 150 establishes standards for how an issuer classifies and measures certain financial instruments with characteristics of both liabilities and equity. It requires that an issuer classify a financial instrument that is within its scope as a liability, or an asset in some circumstances. The standard became effective for the Company for financial instruments entered into or modified after May 31, 2003, and otherwise was effective at the beginning of the first interim period beginning after June 15, 2003 except for mandatorily redeemable financial instruments of nonpublic entities which were subject to the provisions of the SFAS 150 for the first fiscal period beginning after December 15, 2003. The adoption of SFAS 150 had no impact on our results of operations or financial position.

 

In December 2003, the FASB issued FIN 46R, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, which explains how to consolidate entities that have been referred to as special-purpose entities as well as other entities that are structured in such a way that (a) the equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance itself without subordinated financial support in other forms or (b) the equity investors as a group lack decision-making powers, do not absorb losses, or do not receive residual returns. Since the Company does not believe it has any arrangements that would be considered to be variable interest entities, the Company does not believe adoption of this statement, or Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants Accounting Guideline 15, will impact the Company’s financial position or results of operations of the Company.

 

  2. Acquired intellectual property rights

 

Canadian GAAP requires the capitalization and amortization of the costs of acquired technology. Under U.S. GAAP, the cost of acquiring technology is charged to expense as in-process research and development (“IPRD”) when incurred if the feasibility of such technology has not been established and no future alternative use exists. This difference increases the loss from operations under U.S. GAAP in the year the IPRD is acquired and reduces the loss under U.S. GAAP in subsequent periods because there is no amortization charge.

 

Under Canadian GAAP, a future tax liability is also recorded upon acquisition of the technology to reflect the tax effect of the difference between the carrying amount of the technology in the financial statements and the tax basis of these assets which is nil. As the intellectual property is amortized, the future tax liability is also reduced to reflect the change in this temporary difference between tax and accounting values of the assets. Under U.S. GAAP, because the technology is expensed immediately as IPRD, there is no difference between the tax basis and financial statement carrying value of the assets and therefore no future tax liability exists.

 

Under U.S. GAAP, the acquired intellectual property is considered IPRD in accordance with FAS 2 – “Accounting for Research and Development Costs” (“FAS 2”). Given the Company’s development and patent strategy surrounding the compounds, the acquired intellectual property does not meet the criteria for alternative use as outlined in FAS 2. As a result, the amounts were expensed as IPRD.

 

  3. Stock-based compensation - IPO

 

Under U.S. GAAP, the difference between the exercise price of options issued within a one-year period prior to the initial public offering (“IPO”) and the IPO price is deferred and expensed over the vesting

 

F-28


Table of Contents

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

period of the options. This difference increases the additional paid in capital and accumulated deficit reported under U.S. GAAP, with no difference in the total shareholders’ equity.

 

  4. Stock-based compensation - CICA 3870

 

Canadian GAAP, requires the fair value of employee and director stock options be expensed in the statement of operations for fiscal years beginning after January 1, 2004.

 

Under U.S. GAAP the fair value of employee and director stock options are not expensed in the statement of operations and are only disclosed in the footnotes to the financial statements. As a result, the expense and accumulated deficit reported under Canadian GAAP will be greater. Had compensation expense for stock options been recorded based on Black-Scholes option-pricing model at the grant date, the net loss under U.S. GAAP would be:

 

     Six Months
Ended
December 31,
2004


    Years Ended June 30,

 
       2004

    2003

    2002

 

Net loss before compensation expense, U.S. GAAP

   $ 8,335     $ 9,231     $ 26,871     $ 5,854  

Compensation expense

     756       1,351       565       215  
    


 


 


 


Pro forma net loss, U.S. GAAP

   $ (9,091 )   $ (10,582 )   $ (27,436 )   $ (6,069 )
    


 


 


 


Pro forma net loss per share of common stock, basic and diluted

   $ (0.05 )   $ (0.09 )   $ (0.43 )   $ (0.15 )
    


 


 


 


 

F-29


Table of Contents

Adherex Technologies Inc.

(a development stage company)

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

Canadian dollars and shares in thousands, except per share information

 

  5. Convertible notes and warrants

 

Under Canadian GAAP, the proceeds from the issue of convertible notes and warrants are split into their relative component parts: debt; the option to convert the debt; and the detachable warrants. Under U.S. GAAP, these instruments are split between the debt and detachable warrant components.

 

Under Canadian GAAP, the option to convert the notes into equity was valued at $1,125 for the June 23, 2003 notes and at $1,143 for the December 3, 2003 notes. Amortization of the option to convert the notes was reflected as additional interest expense of $444 for the year ended June 30, 2004 and $9 for the year ended June 30, 2003 on the Canadian GAAP consolidated statements of operations.

 

F-30

Certification of CEO

Exhibit 12.1

 

CERTIFICATION

 

I, William P. Peters, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, certify that:

 

  1. I have reviewed this Transition Report on Form 20-F of Adherex Technologies Inc. (the “Company”);

 

  2. Based on my knowledge, this Transition Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this transition report;

 

  3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Transition Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this transition report;

 

  4. The Company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company and have:

 

  (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this Transition Report is being prepared;

 

  (b) Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this Transition Report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this Transition Report based on such evaluation; and

 

  (c) Disclosed in this Transition Report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the Transition Report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

  5. The Company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

  (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: March 31, 2005

 

By:

 

/s/ William P. Peters

   

William P. Peters

   

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

 

Certification of CFO

Exhibit 12.2

 

CERTIFICATION

 

I, James A. Klein, Jr., Chief Financial Officer, certify that:

 

  1. I have reviewed this Transition Report on Form 20-F of Adherex Technologies Inc. (the “Company”);

 

  2. Based on my knowledge, this transition report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this Transition Report;

 

  3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Transition Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this Transition Report;

 

  4. The Company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company and have:

 

  (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this Transition Report is being prepared;

 

  (b) Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this Transition Report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this Transition Report based on such evaluation; and

 

  (c) Disclosed in this Transition Report any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the Transition Report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

  5. The Company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

  (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: March 31, 2005

 

By:  

/s/ James A. Klein, Jr

   

James A. Klein, Jr.

   

Chief Financial Officer

 

Section 906 Certification of CEO & CFO

Exhibit 13

 

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. §1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

 

In connection with the Transition Report of Adherex Technologies Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 20-F (the “Report”), each of the undersigned, William P. Peters, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and James A. Klein, Jr., Chief Financial Officer of the Company, hereby certifies pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

 

  1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

 

  2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

Date: March 31, 2005        
           

By:

 

/s/ William P. Peters

               

William P. Peters

               

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Date: March 31, 2005        
           

By:

 

/s/ James A. Klein, Jr.

               

James A. Klein, Jr.

               

Chief Financial Officer

 

Consent of Independent Accountants

Exhibit 14

 

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS

 

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 333-122334) of Adherex Technologies Inc. of our report dated February 11, 2005 relating to the financial statements which appear in this Transition Report on Form 20-F.

 

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

 

Ottawa, Canada

March 31, 2005